Chronic

Introduction to chronic diseases The chronic disease is a chronic non-communicable disease. It is not specific to a certain disease. It is concealed for a type of onset. The course of disease is long and the condition is prolonged. There is no evidence of a serious infectious biological cause. The cause is complicated and some have not been completely A general term for the general status of the confirmed disease. Chronic diseases mainly refer to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke), diabetes, malignant tumors, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.), mental disorders and mental illness. A group of diseases characterized by long course of disease, complicated etiology, health damage and serious social harm. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005%-0.008% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gastritis Osteoporosis

Cause of chronic disease

genetic factors

Associated with genetic variation.

envirnmental factor

Age, overweight and obesity, long-term overdose, insufficient exercise, nutritional imbalance, smoking and drinking, viral infection, autoimmunity, chemical poison contact and other factors.

Mental factors

Mental stress, emotional excitement and various stress states.

Chronic disease prevention

1, to maintain a happy spirit: depression or excessive tension and fatigue, easy to cause pyloric sphincter dysfunction, bile reflux and chronic gastritis.

2, harmful components in tobacco can promote the increase of gastric acid secretion, harmful stimulation of the gastric mucosa, excessive smoking can cause bile reflux. Excessive drinking or long-term drinking of spirits can make the gastric mucosa congestion, edema, and even erosion, and the incidence of chronic gastritis is significantly increased. You should quit smoking and avoid alcohol.

3, with caution, avoid using drugs that have damage to the gastric mucosa. Long-term abuse of such drugs can cause damage to the gastric mucosa, causing chronic gastritis and ulcers.

4, active treatment of oropharyngeal infections, do not swallow sputum, nasal discharge and other bacterial secretions into the stomach leading to chronic gastritis.

5, too acidic, too spicy and other irritating foods and cold and difficult to digest food should be avoided, eat slowly, so that the food is fully mixed with saliva, is conducive to digestion and reduce stomach irritation. Diet should be quantitative, nutrient-rich, foods containing more vitamins A, B, and C. Avoid stimulating drinks such as strong tea and espresso.

Chronic disease complications Complications gastritis osteoporosis

1. The digestive system includes the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and digestive glands. Reason: The first major difference in digestion is the stomach, followed by the intestines. If the stomach and intestines are damaged, it will affect the absorption of food nutrients, and it will not be possible to ensure that each organ receives sufficient nutrients, which causes other systemic functions to decline and lesions. . List of diseases: bloating, gastric acid secretion disorder, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, intestinal inflammation, hemorrhoids, etc.

2. The immune system includes tears, mucous membranes, lymph, liver, and spleen. Cause: Due to the lack of continuous nutrition, zinc, iron and selenium cannot be absorbed normally, and the immune system is harmed. List of diseases: easy to catch cold, shoulder pain, low back pain, lymphatic pain, swollen lymph nodes, dark spots on the skin, weak constitution.

3, the respiratory system includes the nose, throat, trachea and bronchus, lung, pleura and mediastinum. Cause: The immune system is damaged, the respiratory tract is blocked, a large amount of toxins can not be effectively excreted through the respiratory tract, and accumulated in the weak respiratory tract. The system begins to show signs of lung weakness, inflammation of the trachea, and accumulation of garbage in the lungs. List of diseases: asthma, pneumonia, lung deficiency, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, etc.

4. The nervous system includes the brain stem, the diencephalon, the cerebellum, the brain, the spinal cord, the cranial nerve, the autonomic nerve, and the spinal nerve. Reason: The immune system and respiratory system cannot be guaranteed from nutrition, which weakens the protection of the nervous system; the nervous system begins to suffer damage and decline. Disease enumeration: excessive stress, irritability, irritability, insomnia, negative, neurasthenia, depression, neuropathic pain, etc.

5. The circulatory system includes the heart, arteries, veins, blood, lymphatic system, and the like. Cause: The nervous system is confusing, the response to nutrient requirements is slow, the blood circulation system is weakened in response to detoxification, and the circulatory system begins to be damaged and destroyed. List of diseases: microcirculatory disorders, hypotension, hyperlipidemia, anemia, stroke, arrhythmia, heart disease, etc.

6. The endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreatic gland, gonad, thymus, and the like. Cause: When there is confusion in the circulatory system, the balance of the endocrine system will be reduced, and the endocrine system will begin to have blood sugar disorders, insulin function decline, and gonadal disorders. List of diseases: pox, hormonal imbalance, hyperthyroidism, kidney deficiency, uterine fibroids, insulin function decline, diabetes, etc.

7, genitourinary system including kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, male and female reproductive system. Cause: The urinary system is damaged, the urinary system balance ability is reduced, and the system begins to show renal function decline and prostate confusion. List of diseases: kidney deficiency, frequent urination, urinary calculi, cystitis, prostate disease, etc.

8. The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and bones. Cause: The above system and urinary system are damaged, the skeletal system balance ability is reduced, and the disease actually invades into the deep bone tissue of the human body. The system begins to accelerate the growth of bone cells, excessive calcium loss, and damage to bone and joint collagen, resulting in bone mass. Loose, proliferating, etc. List of diseases: osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, bone hyperplasia, lumbar hyperplasia, arthritis, periostitis.

Chronic symptoms, common symptoms, fatigue, dyslipidemia, low back pain

Diabetes: It is one of the most common chronic diseases. Diabetes is a common disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Clinically, high blood sugar is the main indicator. Common symptoms include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss. If diabetes is not effectively treated, it can cause damage to the body. It causes absolute or relative secretion of insulin and the sensitivity of target tissue cells to insulin, causing a series of metabolic disorders such as protein, fat, water and electrolytes, among which hyperglycemia is the main marker. Typical clinical cases may have symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss, that is, "three more and one less" symptoms.

Chronic gastritis: chronic gastritis lacks specific symptoms, and the severity of symptoms is not consistent with the degree of gastric mucosal lesions. Most patients often have asymptomatic or varying degrees of dyspepsia such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, postprandial fullness, and acid reflux. Patients with chronic atrophic gastritis may have anemia, weight loss, glossitis, diarrhea, etc. Individual patients with mucosal erosion have obvious upper abdominal pain, and may have bleeding, such as hematemesis and melena. Symptoms often recurrent, irregular abdominal pain, pain often occurs during or after eating, most of them are located in the upper abdomen, umbilical cord, part of the patient is not fixed, light intermittent pain or dull pain, severe severe colic .

Hyperlipidemia: mainly caused by the deposition of lipids in the dermis and the arteriosclerosis caused by the deposition of yellow tumors and lipids in the vascular endothelium. Although hyperlipidemia can cause yellow tumors, its incidence is not high; and the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis is a slow and gradual process. Therefore, under normal circumstances, most patients have no obvious symptoms and abnormal signs. Many people found elevated levels of plasma lipoproteins when they were tested for blood biochemistry for other reasons.

Osteoporosis: The most common symptom is more common in low back pain, accounting for 70% to 80% of patients with pain. The pain spreads along the spine to the sides, and the pain is relieved when lying on the back or sitting. When the erect is standing up or standing for a long time, the pain is exacerbated when sitting for a long time, bending, coughing, and exacerbating the stool. Bone pain can occur when the bone mass is lost by more than 12%. In elderly osteoporosis, the vertebral body is compressed and deformed, the spine is flexed, and the muscles are fatigued and even paralyzed, causing pain. New thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can also produce acute pain, and the spine processes in the corresponding sites can have strong tenderness and snoring pain.

Chronic disease examination

Laboratory tests include: urine routine, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, blood lipids, liver function, and renal function.

Urine routine: urine routine examination includes urine color, transparency, pH, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, protein, specific gravity and urine sugar.

Electrocardiogram examination: The electrocardiogram refers to the heart in each cardiac cycle, the pacemaker, the atria, the ventricle are excited, accompanied by changes in the electrocardiogram bioelectricity, through the electrocardiograph to extract various forms of potential changes from the body surface Graphics (ECG for short). An electrocardiogram is an objective indicator of the process of cardiac excitability, transmission, and recovery.

Blood sugar: refers to the glucose contained in the blood. Normal people's blood glucose concentration is relatively stable, blood sugar can be temporarily increased after meals, but not more than 180mg / dl, fasting blood concentration is relatively constant, normal 70-110mg / dl (3.9-6.1mmol / L).

Blood lipids: The main components in blood lipids are triglycerides and cholesterol, among which triglycerides are involved in energy metabolism in humans, while cholesterol is mainly used to synthesize cell serosal membranes, steroid hormones and bile acids. The unit of measurement of blood lipids is mg/dL.

Liver function: including bilirubin, albumin, globulin (Globulin), transaminase (SGOT, SGPT), biliary enzyme (r-GTAlkaline Phosphatase), serum ammonia (Ammonia), prothrombin time, and the like.

Renal function: including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood and urine 2-microglobulin, urinary albumin, urine immunoglobulin G, urinary secretory immunoglobulin A, and the like.

Diagnosis of chronic diseases

diabetes

Type I diabetes is mild in age, mostly <30 years old, sudden onset, polydipsia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, high blood sugar levels, many patients with ketoacidosis: toxicity as the first symptom, serum insulin and C-peptide levels Low, ICA, IAA or GAD antibodies can be positive. Oral administration alone is not effective and requires insulin therapy.

Type II diabetes: common in middle-aged and elderly people, obesity has a high incidence, often accompanied by high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and other diseases. Insidious onset, no symptoms in the early stage, or only mild fatigue, thirst, blood sugar is not obvious, need to do a glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis. Serum insulin levels are normal or elevated early and are low in the late stage.

Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is non-specific and has few signs. X-ray examination generally only helps to rule out other stomach diseases, so it is necessary to rely on gastroscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy. Helicobacter pylori can be found in gastric mucosa in 50% to 80% of patients in China.

Hyperlipidemia

Plasma total cholesterol concentration >5.17mmol / L (200mg / dl) can be determined as hypercholesterolemia, plasma triglyceride concentration > 2.3mmol / L (200mg / dl) for hypertriglyceridemia.

Osteoporosis

Normal BMD or BMC is within 1 standard deviation (SD) of normal adult bone mineral density; osteopenia is BMD or BMC is 1 to 2.5 standard deviations lower than normal adult bone mineral density; osteoporosis is BMD or BMC decreased by more than 2.5 standard deviations from normal adult bone mineral density; severe osteoporosis reduced BMD or BMC by more than 2.5 standard deviations from normal adults and accompanied by one or more brittleness fracture. BMD or BMC can be measured in the central axis or peripheral bone in this diagnostic criteria.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.