Oral disease

Introduction to oral diseases Oral disease is a disease that occurs in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive system. The front wall is the upper and lower lips, the side wall is the cheek, the upper wall is the sputum, and the lower wall is the bottom of the mouth. The mouth that is formed by the forward lip is opened to the outside, and passes through the pharyngeal gorge. The oral cavity can be divided into the oral vestibule and the intrinsic oral cavity. The former is the space between the upper and lower lips and the cheeks and the upper and lower arches and the gums. The latter is located in the space surrounded by the upper and lower arches and the gums. The top is the iliac crest and the bottom (the bottom of the mouth) is composed of the mucosa. , muscle and skin composition. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different oral diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible population: all people can be ill Mode of infection: non-infectious complication:

Cause of oral disease

Bacterial infection (20%)

An infectious disease of chronic, progressive destruction of hard tissues of the teeth under the action of a variety of factors dominated by bacteria. A variety of factors, including bacteria and plaque, food and the environment in which the teeth are located. The cariogenic bacteria in plaque is the main pathogen of earthworms. From the point of view of the cause of the disease, rickets can also be called bacterial infectious diseases of hard tissues of the teeth.

Mental factors (15%)

Some patients develop symptoms in the case of mental stress, mood swings, and poor sleep conditions, which may be related to autonomic dysfunction.

Genetic factors (12%)

If both parents have recurrent oral ulcers, about 80-90% of their children are sick. If one of the parents suffers from the disease, about 50-60% of their children are sick.

Other factors (9%)

Such as the lack of trace elements of zinc, iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, etc., can reduce immune function and increase the possibility of recurrent oral ulcers.

Oral disease prevention

1. Infant deciduous teeth are also anti-mite: After breastfeeding, parents put a clean gauze on their fingers and scrub the gums, ankles and teeth. Give your child warm water and rinse off the food left in the mouth. Also don't let your child sleep with a bottle to avoid bottle sputum. After 1 year old, he changed into a cup. After 3 years old, he learned to brush his teeth with the help of his parents. Ensure the child's reasonable nutrition and cultivate chewing ability. Let the children eat soy products rich in calcium and phosphorus, milk, etc. The deciduous teeth are extremely important, and there is no tendency to be contemptuous or neglected.

2. Precautions against snoring in childhood: This period is a mixed dentition period, which lays a solid foundation for preventing the occurrence of oral diseases and maintaining a healthy oral life. As a parent, you should teach your child good oral health knowledge with the school teacher and so on, so that he can form a lifelong habit. Pay attention to prevent dental caries, and take the child to see the dentist in time. For some deeper dentition and fissures on the teeth, if the doctor thinks that the indications are met, the department takes the pit and groove seal.

3. Juvenile correction of dentition: Although the permanent teeth have erupted, the roots have not yet fully formed, and the teeth are not completely mineralized. The protection of the 6th instar is extremely important. If your child's teeth are not aligned, don't pay attention to oral hygiene. It is easy to produce adolescent gingivitis and the like. This period is also a crucial period for the correction of dentition. At this stage, it is necessary to pay attention to early diagnosis, treatment, and regular oral examination.

4. Middle-aged smoking is prone to periodontal disease: When people reach middle age, the gums gradually shrink away, the root surface is revealed, and some bad health habits have a negative impact. The adjacent surface, the root surface, and the neck of the tooth are prone to convulsions and are not easy to detect. Also pay attention to the periodontal space and food impaction, to correct improper brushing and picking habits, so as not to cause periodontal damage. Also avoid dentin hypersensitivity or wedge-shaped defects. Especially pay attention to smoking cessation and alcohol. In addition to causing physical pain in the human body, smoking can also affect people's normal social interactions. People who smoke often have a yellow-black tooth. People who smoke for a long time will also have a strong bad breath.

5. It is more important to brush your teeth in the elderly at night: keep your mouth clean, brush your teeth in the morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after meals. Especially before going to sleep at night, the saliva secretion is reduced, the oral self-cleaning effect is weakened, and the food residue stays for a long time, so brushing your teeth at night is more important. Eat less sweets and don't eat candy or pastries before going to bed. Daily dental caries, massage gums, promote local blood circulation, enhance the function and resistance of periodontal tissue, and maintain the stability of the teeth. Timely treatment of dental disease, maintaining the normal function of the teeth. Defective dentition should also be repaired in time, otherwise it will increase the burden on other teeth. It will be difficult to bear such heavy chewing pressure and eventually loosen. If dentures (dentures) are worn, it is necessary to pay attention to oral hygiene. Because the plaque is easily attached between the denture and the abutment, the mouth and denture should be kept clean after meals and at night.

6. Toothpaste is used in good condition: often because of smoking or drinking strong tea, it is easy to form smoke spots and tea stains. You can use toothpaste with high friction value. When brushing your teeth, it is easy to bleed due to inflammation of the gums. You can use toothpaste containing antibacterial or Chinese medicine. Due to dental caries, tooth wear and root exposure, dentin hypersensitivity is often caused by cold and heat. Toothpaste containing desensitizing drugs can be used. Don't think that you can brush off periodontal disease by relying on toothpaste. Do not use the same drug toothpaste for a long time, otherwise it will make the proportion of the bacteria in the mouth imbalance, but it will affect the effect. Also note: Do not buy a lot of toothpaste at once, because the toothpaste is usually valid for 3-5 years. If the toothpaste is discolored, the paste is decomposed and must not be used.

7. Floss helps clean: Proper use of floss can not only effectively keep the abutment of the teeth clean, but also effectively remove the food that is stuck on the abutment surface without damaging the gums. If combined with brushing, it will keep the mouth clean and healthy.

8. Correct brushing has a proper way: first brush up from the outer side of the tooth, 45 degrees to the junction of the gums and teeth, gently sway up or down to clean the tooth surface. Brush the upper surface of the upper and lower teeth, still flicking up and down or moving in a circle. Clean the inside of the upper and lower teeth and brush up and down with the toothbrush head. Brush your teeth and close your teeth and carefully clean the ditch and nest. Finally, gently brush your tongue, clean your tongue and reduce bad breath. Brush your teeth twice a day, every day for 2-3 minutes. Do not use too much force when brushing your teeth.

9. Keep your mouth fresh and fresh: Drink plenty of water to keep your gums moist and stimulate saliva. Drink water after eating, take the food residue in the residual mouth, not let the bacteria get nutrients, take the opportunity to damage the teeth. Drinking method: Everyone needs to drink 6-8 glasses of water a day. Especially after eating something, if you can't brush your teeth immediately, remember to drink a cup of water to clean the mouth and reduce some chances of tooth decay.

Oral complications Complication

Oral ulcers, oral mucosal leukoplakia, oral cancer, stomatitis, gingivitis, gum cancer.

Symptoms of Oral Diseases Common Symptoms Oral Ulcers Eat Foods Hard... The tongue is located at the bottom of the mouth and can not be stretched. Oral pain. Oral Candida infections Painless oral ulcers Oral mucosa Soybeans...

1. Bad breath disease

It refers to a condition in which the odor of the mouth is caused by the imbalance of the body. It is characterized by obvious odor when exhaling, and it is difficult to eliminate brushing mouth. It is difficult to cover up with chewing gum and detergent. It is a stench from the inside. Some patients will feel a smelly smell in their mouth, very uncomfortable, do not want to swallow food, some people may even cause nausea and vomiting; of course, it will also cause disgust to neighbors. When talking to people, always use handcuffs Staying in the mouth, afraid of people abandoning. According to the statistics of the relevant authorities of the state, 56.3% of the nationals over the age of 18 have different levels of bad breath.

2. toothache

1. Wind hot toothache

The main card is painful, and it is paroxysmal. When the wind is attacked, the affected area is cold and the pain is reduced. If it is heated, it will increase pain, the gums will be red and swollen, the whole body may have fever, aversion to cold, thirst, red tongue, white moss and pulse floating number.

Syndrome analysis: wind and heat invade, stagnation of gums, phlegm and phlegm, so the teeth are painful, the wind is attacked, the gums are red and swollen; the wind is hot, the cold is reduced, and the heat is more helpful. Wind evil attacked the table, fighting with the heat, so see fever, aversion to cold, thirst, red tongue, white moss, pulse floating number.

2. Stomach fire toothache

The main syndrome is severe pain in the teeth, redness and swelling of the gums, or pus oozing, swollen cheeks, headache, thirst, drinking, swearing, constipation, thick yellow tongue coating, pulse count.

Syndrome analysis: Foot Yangming stomach through the human teeth, stomach fire blazing, following the steaming gums, "the fire of the human body, but the stomach is the strongest", the fire rises to the teeth, so the teeth are painful, the gums are red and swollen. In the case of fire, the veins are oozing, and the sarcolemma is rotted into pus. If the fire is not concentrated, it will swell and cheek; the evil heat will disturb the headache; the heat will hurt the body fluid, so the thirst will lead to drinking, the stool is secret, the mouth is smelly, the tongue is yellow and thick, and the pulse number is stomach cramps. The image of heat.

3. Virtual fire toothache

The main card teeth are dull or slightly painful, the gums are reddish and slightly swollen. For a long time, the meat is atrophied, the teeth are floating, the bite is weak, and the pain is aggravated in the afternoon. The whole body can also see back pain, dizziness, dry mouth, do not want to drink, the tongue is red and tender, no turbid moss, pulse more detailed.

Syndrome analysis: kidney yin deficiency, virtual fire on the inflammation, attached to the gums, so the teeth are dull or slightly painful, the gums are reddish, slightly swollen. When the virtual fire burns for a long time, the flesh is damaged and lost, and shrinks. The main bone of the kidney, the tooth is the bone, the kidney is lost in Confucianism, the gums are atrophied, the teeth are not solid, and the roots are floating, and the bite is weak. In the afternoon, Yangming was prosperous, and it helped the fire on the fire. Therefore, the pain in the afternoon was heavier. The waist is the house of the kidney, and the kidney yin is sore. Yin deficiency is lacking in the sea, so dizziness, virtual fire and injury, so dry throat but not too much drink. The tongue is red and tender, there is no turbid moss, and the pulse is more detailed. This is the manifestation of yin deficiency.

3. Oral ulcers

Occurred in the oral mucosa and the edge of the tongue, often white ulcers, surrounded by redness, very painful, especially in the case of sour, salty, spicy food, the pain is even worse, so that delicious food is not willing to taste. Although it is a small oral cavity, it is painful, even sitting down, restless, and depressed.

Most doctors believe that oral ulcers are related to the following factors:

Digestive diseases and dysfunction: such as bloating, diarrhea or constipation.

Endocrine changes: Some female patients often occur during menstruation and may be associated with decreased estrogen levels in the body.

Mental factors: Some patients develop symptoms of mental stress, mood swings, and poor sleep conditions, which may be related to autonomic dysfunction.

Genetic factors: If both parents have recurrent oral ulcers, about 80-90% of their children are sick. If one of the parents suffers from this disease, about 50-60% of their children are sick.

Other factors: such as the lack of trace elements zinc, iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, etc., can reduce immune function and increase the possibility of recurrent oral ulcers.

Four diseases

1. Definition of rickets

Rickets is an infectious disease in which chronic and progressive destruction of hard tissues of teeth occurs under the influence of various factors mainly caused by bacteria.

A variety of factors, including bacteria and plaque, food and the environment in which the teeth are located. The cariogenic bacteria in plaque is the main pathogen of earthworms. From the point of view of the cause of the disease, rickets can also be called bacterial infectious diseases of hard tissues of the teeth.

At the time of rickets, the pathological changes of hard tissues of the teeth involve enamel, dentin and cementum. The basic changes are mineral demineralization and decomposition of organic matter.

2. Clinical features of rickets

The clinical feature of rickets is that the hard tissues of the teeth change in color, shape and quality.

In the early stage, the hard tissue of the damaged part of the tooth demineralized, the crystallite structure changed, and the transparency of the tooth decreased, resulting in a white enamel of the enamel. Following the lesion, there is hyperpigmentation, and the area may be yellowish brown or tan. With the demineralization of inorganic matter and the destruction and decomposition of organic matter, the enamel and dentin are loosened and softened, and eventually the tooth defect occurs, forming a cavity.

Once the cavern is formed, it lacks the ability to repair itself.

Oral disease examination

1, image diagnosis

In addition to providing information on bone metastasis of the tongue thyroid and oral cancer, radionuclide examination is rarely used in the diagnosis of oral cancer itself. Ultrasound is also rarely seen in oral cancer. X-ray film and tomography can provide more valuable information when oral cancer invades the upper and lower jaw and nasal paranasal sinuses, but the location information of oral cancer, the scope of tumor invasion, especially the soft tissue surrounding the primary tumor. The need for clinicians to diagnose and develop treatment plans is not yet available. CT has made up for the above requirements to a considerable extent, but CT should not be used as a routine examination, and should be applied selectively based on detailed medical history, physical examination and other inspection materials.

2, cytology and biopsy

Exfoliative cytology is indicated for asymptomatic precancerous lesions with superficial lesions or early squamous cell carcinoma with unclear lesions and is suitable for screening tests. Then, positive and suspicious cases are further diagnosed by biopsy. Exfoliative cytology follow-up is also available for some precancerous lesions. This method is easy for patients to accept. However, 60% of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells directly break through the basement membrane and infiltrate the surface epithelium, and exfoliative cytology often results in negative results.

Diagnosis and differentiation of oral diseases

First, the ulcer healing time is distinguished. Benign oral ulcers usually heal in days to weeks, while malignant oral ulcers develop progressively and do not heal for months or even years.

Secondly, it can be distinguished by morphology. Benign oral ulcers are generally regular in shape, round, elliptical or linear, with neat edges, clear, clear boundary with surrounding tissues, smoother base of the depression, soft to the touch, and obvious pain. The malignant oral ulcers are irregular in shape, the boundary is unclear, and the edge bulge is uneven. The bottom of the ulcer is uneven, granular, and the texture is hard and tough. It is obviously different from the normal mucosa, and the ulcer pain is not obvious.

The third can be distinguished by the course of the disease. Benign oral ulcers often occur repeatedly, with self-limiting, malignant oral ulcers without a history of recurrence, once the disease occurs, it will not heal.

The fourth can be distinguished from the general condition. Benign oral ulcers are rare, systemic lymph nodes are not swollen or swollen but not hard and non-adhesive. Malignant oral ulcers are the opposite, and some even have cachexia.

Finally, judgments can be made based on the sensitivity of the drug. Benign oral ulcers generally use anti-inflammatory and anti-corrosive drugs, the effect is obvious, and healing is accelerated, while malignant oral ulcers are often "irregular" to the drug, and the curative effect is not obvious.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.