Sequelae of encephalitis

Introduction to encephalitis sequelae The sequelae of encephalitis refers to diseases in which neurological and psychiatric symptoms remain after the treatment of encephalitis. Viral encephalitis (referred to as the diseased brain) is a group of central nervous system infectious diseases characterized by various mental and conscious disturbances caused by various viruses. The condition of the disease varies, and the light can be relieved by itself. The critically ill can cause sequelae or death. Viral encephalitis sequelae mainly include: 1 aphasia, language slowness, paralysis, dysphagia, optic atrophy, deafness, epilepsy and other neurological damage; 2 dementia, memory and understanding of decline, mental retardation, apathy, stagnation, crying Impermanence, aggressive behavior, irritability, hyperactivity and other mental states and cognitive dysfunction; 3 autonomic dysfunction such as hyperhidrosis and salivation. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: mental disorders associated with epilepsy epilepsy epilepsy

Etiology of encephalitis sequelae

Environmental reasons:

Environmental or occupational exposure to lead, carbon monoxide or a chemical. Use certain medications or excessive alcohol intake. Lack of sleep, stress, or hormonal changes. Some anti-depression and anti-anxiety drugs are discontinued.

Genetic reasons:

Many types of encephalitis sequelae have been found in different families, and some families have been detected for a particular genetic abnormality. These genetic abnormalities can cause subtle changes in the metabolism of calcium, potassium, sodium, and other chemicals in the human body. Genetic factors usually do not directly cause the cause of encephalitis sequelae, but will indirectly affect the development of the disease. Genes can affect a patient's drug metabolism pathway, or can cause local neuronal malformations in the brain.

Brain Injury:

Craniocerebral injury can lead to the onset of encephalitis sequelae. If the brain injury is serious, the attack may occur in recent years. And if the damage is mild, the risk of seizures will be smaller.

other illnesses:

Diseases that cause brain damage are often the cause of encephalitis sequelae. Sometimes the treatment of primary disease can prevent the development of encephalitis sequelae. However, there are cases in which the seizure continues after the primary disease is cured. Whether the onset can be stopped depends on the type of primary disease, the location of the brain tissue that is invaded, and the extent of brain damage.

Encephalitis sequela prevention

Genetic factors make certain children convulsive and produce seizures of encephalitis under the influence of various environmental factors. In this regard, we must pay special attention to the importance of genetic counseling. We should conduct a detailed family survey to find out whether there are seizures and seizures in the parents, siblings and close relatives of the patients, and some serious symptoms that can cause mental retardation and encephalitis sequelae. Hereditary diseases should be prenatally diagnosed or screened for neonatal screening to determine termination of pregnancy or early treatment.

For the sequela of secondary encephalitis, it should prevent its specific specific cause, pay attention to maternal health before birth, reduce infection, lack of nutrition and various system diseases, so that the fetus is less affected. Prevention of childbirth accidents, neonatal birth injury is one of the important reasons for the onset of encephalitis sequelae, avoiding birth injury is important to prevent encephalitis sequelae. If the pregnant woman can be regularly checked, the new method is delivered, and the dystocia is dealt with in time, the birth injury can be avoided or reduced. Pay attention to the febrile seizures in infants and young children, try to avoid seizures, and immediately control the medication. Active prevention, timely treatment and reduction of sequelae in children with central nervous system diseases.

Encephalitis sequelae complications Complications epilepsy associated with mental disorders epilepsy epilepsy

Epilepsy is a common complication of encephalitis sequelae.

Symptoms of encephalitis sequelae Common symptoms Epilepsy and epileptic seizures Secondary epilepsy Limbs convulsions Wind coma High fever consciousness Loss of mouth foaming

1, the symptoms of encephalitis sequelae are different, mainly manifested as abnormalities in neuropsychiatric. Symptoms of neurological abnormalities include fever, headache, vomiting, lethargy, coma, convulsions, etc. In severe cases, the symptoms of the brain, hypothalamus, base, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord may be abnormal.

2, mental abnormalities are excited by multilingualism, irritability, crying and laughing, insomnia, behavioral abnormalities, hallucinations, fantasies, or indifferent expressions, silence, reduced activity, no eating, poor orientation, memory loss, incontinence, etc. .

3, accompanied by symptoms of encephalitis sequelae before or at the onset of encephalitis with the symptoms of the corresponding viral infection.

4, prodromal patients have fever, headache, myalgia, vomiting, diarrhea and other performance.

Examination of encephalitis sequelae

The sequelae of viral encephalitis are epilepsy, the main check:

1, laboratory inspection

Blood, urine, stool routine examination and determination of blood sugar and electrolytes (calcium and phosphorus).

2, cerebrospinal fluid examination

In the case of viral encephalitis, white blood cell counts increase, protein increases, and bacterial infections also reduce sugar and chloride. Cerebral parasitic diseases may have eosinophilia; in the central nervous system syphilis, syphilis antibody is positive. Intracranial tumors may have increased intracranial pressure and increased protein.

3. Amino acid analysis of serum or cerebrospinal fluid

Possible amino acid metabolism abnormalities can be found.

4, neurophysiological examination

Traditional EEG recording. For example, a subdural electrode including a wire electrode and a gate electrode is placed in a brain that may be an area of epilepsy.

5, neuroimaging examination

CT and MRI greatly improve the diagnosis of structural abnormalities in epilepsy. Currently, clinically applied brain function tests include cation diffraction tomography (PET), single photon diffraction tomography (SPECT), and MRI spectroscopy (MRS). PET can measure changes in brain cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitter function in the brain. SPECT can also measure changes in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and neurotransmitter function, but there is no PET accuracy in terms of quantification. MRS can measure changes in certain chemicals, such as acetyl aspartate containing choline, creatine and lactic acid in the epilepsy area.

6, neurobiochemical examination

Ion-specific electrodes and microdialysis probes that have been applied can be placed in the epileptic region of the brain to measure some biochemical changes during, during, and after seizures.

7, neuropathological examination

It is a pathological examination of surgically resected epilepsy lesions, which can be determined that the cause of epilepsy is caused by brain tumor scar, vascular malformation, sclerosing inflammation, dysplasia or other abnormalities.

8, neuropsychological examination

This test assesses cognitive impairment and determines which side of the brain the epileptic focus or area is on.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of sequelae of encephalitis

Differential diagnosis:

1, leptospirosis: the meningitis type of this disease is easy to be confused with J brain, but more history of contact with water, fatigue, gastrocnemius pain, conjunctival hyperemia, underarm or inguinal lymphadenopathy, cerebrospinal fluid changes slightly. It can be confirmed by serological tests.

2. Central nervous system infections caused by mumps, poliomyelitis, Coxsackie and Echovirus.

3, poisoning bacteria: This disease is also more common in summer and autumn, children with multiple, early gastrointestinal symptoms can have high fever and neurological symptoms (coma, convulsions), it is easy to be confused with J brain. However, there is shock in the early stage of the disease, generally no meningeal irritation, no change in cerebrospinal fluid, stool or enema fluid can be found red blood cells, pus cells and phagocytic cells, cultured with dysentery bacilli growth, can be distinguished from JE.

4, cerebral malaria: the onset season, regional and clinical manifestations are similar to JE. However, the cerebral malaria heat type is more irregular. At the beginning of the disease, there is chills, fever and sweating and then brain symptoms. There may also be splenomegaly and anemia.

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