Bone fracture

Introduction to bone fracture There may be a fracture line after a long backbone or a skull injury, but not all bone. The fracture of the bone is called a crack fracture in medicine, and the folks call it "dried radish." It is one of the types of fractures. Clinically, crack fractures without significant displacement are most common, and are generally caused by direct blows, minor impacts, and the like. With simple fixation and treatment with plaster or splint, the wound can heal quickly and there is usually no sequelae after healing. However, if you do not pay attention to it and continue to move, it will easily lead to the re-displacement of crack fractures, and even surgery is needed. Some people think that the fracture of the bone is actually an avulsive fracture. It is usually found in the jumping ball in basketball. It is caused by the fingertips. It is also common when there is no warm-up before exercise. Run, jump, etc. The X-ray shows that there is a very small fracture fragment in the limb that is generally not valued by the patient. This small fracture fragment is often the attachment point of the ligament, and its displacement means damage to the ligament, which means that the injured finger may not bend and stretch. This type of injury generally requires surgery to reconstruct the function of the ligament. If the treatment is delayed, the finger may lose its function. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: osteonecrosis

Cause of bone crack

There are three main reasons for the occurrence of fractures:

Direct violence (40%):

Violence directly affects a part of the bone and causes fractures in the part, which often causes fractures in the injured area, often accompanied by varying degrees of soft tissue destruction. If the wheel hits the calf, a fracture of the humerus shaft occurs at the impact.

Indirect violence (30%):

Indirect violence causes fractures in the distance through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. When the foot falls from a height, the trunk flexes forward rapidly due to gravity, and the vertebral body at the junction of the thoracolumbar spine is subjected to folding force. The role of compression fracture (conduction).

Accumulated strain (20%):

Long-term, repeated, mild direct or indirect injury can cause a specific part of the limb to fracture, such as long-distance marching to cause the second, third metatarsal and the lower third of the humerus fracture.

Bone crack prevention

Some patients can avoid fractures, which requires everyone to be safe in their daily lives and work. Attention can reduce fractures. Children walking unsteadily, easy to fall, especially not to play high, to educate and optimistic about children, to avoid falls. Young people play more, curiosity, parents and teachers should do a good job in education, do not climb the tree. Young and middle-aged people should concentrate on their work and cycling, and pay attention to safety everywhere. The elderly have inconvenient hand and foot activities, and try not to go out on snow, rain and rain. When going out, someone needs to hold or hold a cane, and there must be lighting tools when going out at night. It is best not to ride a bicycle on the street, not to crowded public places.

Bone fracture complications Complications osteonecrosis

If the fracture site is not found in time, it may cause local bone deformity after healing, and some of it can gradually recover over time. More serious complications are caused by ischemic osteonecrosis.

Skeletal fissure symptoms common symptoms bone fracture tibia fracture sternotomy

Whole body performance

Fever symptoms: normal body temperature after fracture, fracture with large amount of bleeding, when the hematoma is absorbed, the body temperature is slightly increased, but generally does not exceed 38 ° C. When the open fracture body temperature rises, the possibility of infection should be considered.

Partial performance

The general manifestations of fractures are local pain, swelling and dysfunction. At the time of fracture, the bone marrow, periosteum and surrounding tissue rupture and hemorrhage, hematoma formed at the fracture site, and edema caused by soft tissue injury, causing severe swelling of the affected limb, and even tension blisters and subcutaneous ecchymoses, which may be purple due to decomposition of hemoglobin. , cyan or yellow. Severe pain occurs locally in the fracture, especially when moving the affected limb. Local swelling and pain limit the activity of the affected limb. If it is a complete fracture, the active function of the injured limb can be completely lost.

Bone fracture examination

All patients with suspected fractures should be routinely X-ray film examination, which can be found in clinically difficult to find incomplete fractures, deep fractures, intra-articular fractures and small avulsion fractures, even if they have clinically manifested as obvious fractures. X-ray film examination is also necessary to help understand the type and specific conditions of the fracture, and has guiding significance for treatment.

The X-ray examination of the fracture should generally take the positive and lateral slices including the adjacent one joint. If necessary, the x-ray film of the corresponding position of the oblique position, the tangential position or the healthy side should be added.

Diagnosis of fracture of bone

The diagnosis of crack fractures is often missed on ordinary X-rays. Cracks are often invisible when there is no obvious displacement. This requires CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to further confirm the diagnosis. MRI can be displayed according to changes in the signal intensity of the tissue in the magnetic field. Lesions including bone edema.

Differential diagnosis

1, bone brittle: Fragililisossium (also known as osteogenesis insufficiency (Osteogenisis ImperfECTa), primary bone fragility (idiopathicosteopsathyrosis) and periosteal dysplasia (periostealdysplasia). It is characterized by fragile bone, blue sclera, deafness, and joint relaxation. It is a congenital hereditary pain caused by hypoplasia of mesenchymal tissue and collagen formation.

2, the skeleton: the language "Su Wen. Paradox." Osteophytes are diseases in which the blood is not enough and the cold and dampness is injured in the bone marrow.

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