Eye trauma

Introduction to ocular trauma Ocular trauma is caused by mechanical, physical, chemical and other factors directly affecting the eye, causing structural and functional damage to the eye. According to the traumatic factors of trauma, it can be divided into mechanical and non-mechanical. Mechanical ocular trauma usually includes contusion, penetrating injury, foreign body injury, etc.; non-mechanical ocular trauma includes thermal burns, chemical injuries, radiation injuries and gas injuries. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.13% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sympathetic ophthalmia

Cause of ocular trauma

In production, life and sports, the shock waves generated by masonry, clods, fists, balls, falls, traffic accidents and explosions (such as firecrackers) are common causes of blunt eyeball injuries. When blunt force hits the eyeball, it can cause direct damage at the strike site. Since the eyeball can be regarded as an incompressible sphere, blunt force can be transmitted in the eyeball and the eyeball wall, causing multiple indirect damage.

Eye injury prevention

1, prevention of children's eye injuries must first emphasize safety education. Parents and teachers should explain the causes and harms of eye trauma to students and enhance their awareness of self-protection.

2. Secondly, it is far from danger. Parents should put dangerous goods such as knives and scissors in places that children can't touch. They don't buy inferior quality, attacking toys, don't let children play disposable syringes, ban fireworks and firecrackers, and avoid getting close to livestock. poultry.

3, in the event of eye trauma, it is necessary to promptly and correctly handle: chemical injury should be washed with water as soon as possible, and then sent to the hospital. In the event of mechanical eye trauma, be sure to seek medical advice promptly. In the case of an open wound, avoid squeezing and rubbing the eye ointment, apply the cardboard cover to the hospital as soon as possible after simple protection.

Eye trauma complications Complications sympathetic ophthalmia

Eye trauma can lead to complications such as blindness and sympathetic ophthalmia.

Symptoms of ocular trauma Common symptoms Eye pain Arroa conjunctiva bleeding Eyelid foreign body Eyelid foreign body Eyeball contusion Eyeball perforation

According to the severity of trauma, it can be divided into three categories: light, medium and heavy: minor injuries include eyelid abrasion and blood stasis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctival and corneal surface foreign body, corneal epithelial abrasion, eyelid I degree thermal burn, irritating gas injury , electro-optic ophthalmitis, etc.; moderate injuries include eyelid and tear duct tears, orbital II degree thermal burns, bulbar conjunctival tears, corneal superficial foreign bodies, etc.; severe injuries include extensive tearing of the eyelids, orbital III degree burns, eyeballs Perforation injury, foreign body in the ball, blunt contusion of the eye with intraocular hemorrhage, chemical injury of the eyeball II degree or above, radiation injury, fracture of the tibia and so on.

Eye injury examination

1. Check the visual acuity and function of each eye. Except for obvious eyeball penetrating injury, the fundus should be checked as much as possible, and dilated if necessary.

2 Anyone suspected of having an eyelid fracture or a foreign body in the ball should be examined by X-ray, CT or ultrasound. When foreign matter is found to exist, foreign matter should be positioned.

Diagnosis of ocular trauma

1. Consult the history of trauma, including the cause of injury, the type, direction, speed and distance of the wound, and the time of injury. It is identified as mechanical or non-mechanical trauma. If it is a mechanical injury, it will further distinguish eye contusion, eye penetrating injury or adnexal injury, and whether there is any foreign body in the eyeball or inside or inside the eyelid. If it is a non-mechanical injury, It should be divided into physical, chemical and so on.

2. Must pay attention to the general condition, such as shock, craniocerebral trauma, infection and so on. Those who have combined with generalized trauma should be consulted by the relevant department. The local examination must be light, do not oppress the eye, and if necessary, drop the surface anesthetic. If combined with traumatic brain injury, do not dilated before the neurological examination.

3. When examining foreign bodies on the surface of the eyeball, special attention should be paid to the cornea, the inferior sulcus and the sacral conjunctiva.

4. For patients with eye contusion, the eye appendage and the front and back of the eye should be examined in detail. For patients with penetrating eye injury, the size, location, and depth of the wound should be examined in detail, and whether the contents of the eyeball are prolapsed, eye movement disorders, or foreign bodies remain, and if necessary, a drawing is given. Thermal and chemical burns should be described in terms of their extent and extent. Note that if there is a phosphorus odor on the wound during phosphorus burns, the presence or absence of phosphorescence should be checked in the dark.

5. Check the visual acuity and function of each eye. Except for obvious eyeball penetrating injury, the fundus should be examined as much as possible, and dilated if necessary.

6. Anyone suspected of having an eyelid fracture or a foreign body in the ball should be examined by X-ray, CT or ultrasound. When foreign matter is found to exist, foreign matter should be positioned.

7. Pay attention to eyesight, various conditions before and after the eyeball, and whether there is sympathetic ophthalmia.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.