Congenital pulmonary hypoplasia

Introduction to congenital pulmonary hypoplasia Congenital lung hypoplasia, English name congenitalagenesisoflung, alias Congenitalaplasiaoflung. Congenital hypoplasia of the lung can be divided into three categories according to the degree of occurrence: agene does not occur (agenesis): one or both lungs are absent; lung is not developed (aplasia): the bronchial primordium is a terminal caecum, no lungs Vascular and pulmonary parenchyma; hypoplasia: visible bronchial, vascular, and alveolar tissue with reduced number and/or volume. Patients may be associated with pulmonary vascular and other malformations. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: multiple lung infections

Causes of congenital pulmonary hypoplasia

The main cause of congenital pulmonary hypoplasia may be the reduction of the effective capacity of intrathoracic lung growth and development. The most common cause is that the diaphragmatic muscle cannot be closed and the abdominal organs are invaded into the chest cavity, thus affecting the development of the lung. Pathogenesis: The lungs do not appear as lung parenchyma, bronchial and pulmonary vascular defects such as bronchial length unequal, saclike structure and mucus retention cystic cavity. In patients with undeveloped unilateral lungs, the contralateral lungs undergo compensatory dilatation, the number of alveoli increases, and the lungs often have secondary infections. Pulmonary hypoplasia manifested as different degrees of lung volume reduction, weight loss, health search, bronchial branch and alveolar number decreased, pulmonary system abnormalities showed reduced wall elastic tissue, muscular layer hyperplasia. Can be associated with thoracic dysplasia scoliosis and spasm. Can also be associated with other cardiovascular and renal hypoplasia.

Congenital lung hypoplasia prevention

Keep the airway open, and use antibiotics to inhale at any time while assisting the patient to drain.

Congenital pulmonary hypoplasia complications Complications multiple lung infections

Complicated with pulmonary infection.

Symptoms of congenital pulmonary hypoplasia Common symptoms Repeated upper respiratory tract infection Breathing difficulties Respiratory distress syndrome has a persistent bruising side of the thoracic collapse

Serious cases die after birth. Mainly manifested as dyspnea, even respiratory distress, and long-term repeated respiratory infections, physical examination showed that the affected side of the thoracic collapse, decreased mobility, percussion was voiced, auscultation of respiratory sound reduction or disappearance may be accompanied by other congenital malformations of clinical manifestations, such as Renal insufficiency and so on. Patients with mild conditions may have no obvious clinical symptoms found only on routine chest X-ray examinations.

Examination of congenital pulmonary hypoplasia

Laboratory inspection

Arterial blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure in the normal range.

Other auxiliary inspection

1. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan, especially three-dimensional imaging scan can clearly show tracheal-bronchial malformation, angiography and color Doppler examination can help observe blood vessels (pulmonary and venous azygous) malformation, thereby identifying other causes Causes atelectasis and bronchiectasis.

2. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: help to observe the bronchial lumen and obstruction.

3. Pulmonary function test: pulmonary function was restricted ventilatory dysfunction, lung compliance decreased and airway resistance increased.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital pulmonary hypoplasia

According to clinical manifestations and pulmonary angiography can be diagnosed.

Need to be differentiated from atelectasis, pulmonary cysts, pulmonary isolation or bronchiectasis.

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