Subungual exostoses

Introduction to the exogenous osteophytes Subungual exostosis is a single fibrous and bony nodule, and is also seen in other toes, especially small toes. The disease mainly occurs in women between the ages of 12 and 30, and the compression of the shoes can cause severe pain. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed by X-ray filming. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: mainly women aged 12 to 30 Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: tumor

The cause of exogenous osteophytes

(1) Causes of the disease

The cause is still unknown.

(two) pathogenesis

The pathogenesis is still unclear.

Exogenous osteophyte prevention

Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.

Complications of exogenous osteophytes Complications

Tumor

Exogenous osteophytes symptoms under common symptoms Common symptoms Nodular pain

Subungual exostosis is a single fibrous and osseous nodule that protrudes from the distal end of the lower phalanx, most commonly in the big toe, and is also seen in other toes, especially small toes. The disease mainly occurs in women aged 12 to 30 years old. The damage is small reddish slightly protruding from the free edge of the medial nail. The upper deck becomes brittle and ruptured or detached, revealing that the tumor grows upward and distal beyond the deck position. The maximum diameter is 8mm, the pressure on the shoes can cause severe pain, and the diagnosis needs to be confirmed by X-ray film.

The diagnosis needs to be confirmed by X-ray filming.

Examination of exogenous osteophytes

Characteristic pathological changes: well-defined borders, tight intercellular connections, no cheese-like necrosis, epithelial granuloma. Typical performance:

1) The central part is multinucleated giant cells, epithelial cells and a few lymphocytes (mostly CD4+). Epithelial cells can be fused into Langerhans giant cells; stellate bodies or Sumans are easily found in giant cell cytoplasm Small body.

2) Lymphocyte infiltration around (mostly CD8+); no cheese-like necrosis.

3) There are lymphocyte rings and fibrous tissue around the nodules, which gradually form a complete nodule surrounded by fibrous tissue.

4) Characteristics of nodules: clear boundary with lung tissue, single isolated in the lung interval, or three or five, dozens of groups distributed in the side of the blood vessels, next to the bronchi, do not merge with each other.

5) Pathology: either dissipate on its own or cause fibrosis.

Diagnosis and differentiation of exogenous osteophytes

Characteristic pathological changes: well-defined borders, tight intercellular connections, no cheese-like necrosis, epithelial granuloma. Typical performance:

1) The central part is multinucleated giant cells, epithelial cells and a few lymphocytes (mostly CD4+). Epithelial cells can be fused into Langerhans giant cells; stellate bodies or Sumans are easily found in giant cell cytoplasm Small body.

2) Lymphocyte infiltration around (mostly CD8+); no cheese-like necrosis.

3) There are lymphocyte rings and fibrous tissue around the nodules, which gradually form a complete nodule surrounded by fibrous tissue.

4) Characteristics of nodules: clear boundary with lung tissue, single isolated in the lung interval, or three or five, dozens of groups distributed in the side of the blood vessels, next to the bronchi, do not merge with each other.

5) Pathology: either dissipate on its own or cause fibrosis.

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