Endocrine disorders

Introduction to endocrine disorders The human body has an endocrine system that secretes various hormones and the nervous system to regulate the metabolism and physiological functions of the human body. Under normal circumstances, various hormones are balanced, such as breaking the balance for some reason (some hormones are too much or too little), which causes endocrine disorders, which will cause corresponding clinical manifestations. Endocrine disorders may occur in both men and women. There are many clinical endocrine therapy methods, and there are different ways to deal with different causes, symptoms and physical severity. In general, the function of excessive secretion of hormones is based on the principle of inhibition and reduction. Surgical removal of tumors caused by endocrine, or inhibition of hormone secretion and synthesis with drugs. In principle, the imbalance caused by excessive secretion of hormones is supplemented by insufficient physiology, including supplementation of physiological dose hormones and organ transplantation. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% (female is good) Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Infertility Endometriosis Irregular menstruation Dysmenorrhea Hypothyroidism Diabetes

Endocrine disorders

Physiological factors (25%):

The body's endocrine glands can maintain a physiological balance, but these growth regulators are generally dysregulated with age, and some people's endocrine disorders are derived from heredity.

Environmental factors (15%):

Severe environmental pollution can cause female endocrine disorders. Some chemicals in the air, after entering the human body through various channels, undergo a series of chemical reactions, leading to endocrine disorders, causing menstrual disorders, endometrial hyperplasia and many other problems.

Nutritional factors (15%):

If the human body maintains normal physiological functions, it must have sufficient and appropriate nutrition. Otherwise, endocrine disorders will occur.

Psychological factors (20%):

Psychology is also an important reason. Stress and mood changes are reflected in the nervous system, causing a disorder of hormone secretion, commonly known as endocrine disorders.

Lifestyle factors (15%):

A rich nightlife is also an important cause of endocrine disorders. Upside down, etc., reverse the habits of human biology, leading to endocrine disorders. Women are often upset, insomnia, forgetfulness, irregular menstruation and so on.

Female endocrine disorders

1, the weather is hot, blood injury: summer is particularly hot, it is easy to burn female friends blood, leading to endocrine disorders, visceral dysfunction, qi stagnation and blood stasis. Experts remind that the metabolism of the human body is strong in the summer, in the hot weather, the body's water and nutrients are more easily lost, coupled with the heat and sleep, it is easy to cause endocrine disorders.

2, blowing air conditioning, indoor and outdoor temperature difference: when the surrounding temperature is high, the blood circulation of human skin is accelerated, the body surface temperature rises, and the heat is excreted by sweating. This spontaneous regulation of the human body cannot be quickly converted. When people enter the air-conditioned room from the hot outside, the peripheral blood vessels cannot shrink quickly, resulting in poor peripheral blood circulation. Therefore, if the indoor temperature is too low for a long time, it is easy to have symptoms such as abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea, which is also the reason for careful endocrine disorders in air conditioning. If there is sweat on the body and enter the low-temperature air-conditioned room, it may cause sweating and internal heat, and the lungs will not be declared, and there will be symptoms of cold or even fever. Especially those who work in the office, go to work is an air-conditioned room, go out is an air-conditioned car, go home is an air-conditioned house, there is almost no chance of sweating in the summer, this too comfortable to deprive the body of the natural regulation of detoxification, is contrary to the laws of nature It is easy to cause disease.

3, the pressure is greater, more vulnerable to external evils: the investigation shows that diseases caused by endocrine disorders are developing towards a younger age, and teenage girls have become threats of endocrine disorders. Modern female friends have special physiological processes such as menstruation, belt, fetus, and birth. They also shoulder the dual pressures of work and family in daily life, and are often more vulnerable to external evils such as wind, cold, heat, humidity and heat than other people. , causing the air machine to malfunction. Because female friends are more sensitive and emotionally unstable, they are also prone to disruption of blood and blood due to internal factors such as depression, irritability, anger, and excessive thinking, leading to endocrine disorders.

Mechanism

The level of sex hormones is affected by the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary. The hypothalamus releases a certain amount of hormones (such as the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone), and the pituitary gland sends out signals to regulate the lower glands. For the ovaries, this signal is the follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which also produces prolactin during lactation. Therefore, endocrine examination is actually to see whether the secretion of these hormones (including luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, lutein and estrogen) is normal.

Male endocrine disorders

Hypothalamic-pituitary disease: Male infertility caused by hypothalamic and pituitary lesions includes congenital and hypothalamic and pituitary lesions (tumor, inflammation, trauma, radiation damage) and systemic diseases and drugs, etc. Can affect hypothalamic-pituitary function leading to infertility.

Hyperfunction of the pituitary: early sexual desire can be hyperthyroidism, followed by loss of libido, impotence and infertility. Pituitary dysfunction can cause loss of libido, difficulty in sexual intercourse, and testicular atrophy leading to infertility.

Testicular disease: Testicular congenital diseases such as Cranfield syndrome, XYY syndrome, XX male syndrome, etc. can cause sperm production disorders or sperm growth dysplasia and cause infertility; acquired testicular abnormalities, such as inflammation, Trauma, radiation damage, systemic diseases, and drugs can all affect testicular function and lead to infertility.

Endocrine disorders prevention

The etiology of endocrine diseases is more complicated. According to our existing knowledge, the causes of some diseases are clear, and some are still unclear.

For those who already know the cause, if they can do preventive work, they can avoid these diseases. Such as endemic goiter, the main reason is the lack of iodine in the diet, the supplementation of iodine can make the incidence of endemic goiter greatly reduced. Prevention of schistosomiasis can greatly reduce the dwarfism caused by schistosomiasis. Xihan syndrome is mostly caused by postpartum hemorrhage. It is a good job to prevent maternal and child health and reduce the hemorrhage caused by dystocia. It has been proven that Xihan syndrome has rarely occurred in cities with good medical conditions. A part of the adrenal insufficiency is caused by adrenal tuberculosis, which prevents the destruction of the adrenal gland. Some hyperthyroidism patients have long-term trauma before the onset, strong mental stimulation, such as nervousness, panic, anxiety, anger and anger. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Denmark and the Soviet Union increased during the Second World War. Therefore, the society is stable, the mood is comfortable, the life is happy, and the family and the donkey can prevent some of the hyperthyroidism from happening.

1, keep a good mood

From the perspective of Chinese medicine, emotion also has a certain impact on endocrine. The so-called "emotion" actually refers to the mental state of the person. "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic" repeatedly discusses the damage caused by bad mental state to human organs, and thinks that "angered liver", "happy sadness", "thinking spleen", "sorrowful lungs", "terror-sucking kidney" . Emotional quality will directly affect the secretion of human estrogen.

2, diet, exercise, sleep

Endocrine disorders represent the unstable state of hormones. The regulation of endocrine mainly starts from diet and exercise. When necessary, supplemented with medication, it is necessary to develop good eating habits, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, high protein foods, drink plenty of water, and supplement. The body needs the water, and at the same time participate in all kinds of exercise, strengthen physical fitness, but also have a scientific life law, do not stay up late, so as not to destroy the normal physiological laws, resulting in imbalance of hormone secretion or even insufficient, and then cause other diseases, Be sure to pay attention to rest and adequate sleep.

Endocrine disorders Complications, infertility, endometriosis, menstrual irregularity, dysmenorrhea, hypothyroidism, diabetes

Endocrine disorders are harmful to women

1, leading to infertility.

2, trigger gynecological diseases: such as endometriosis, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, breast disease and so on.

3, affecting beauty and body: such as female skin deterioration, yellow spots, pigmentation, acne, etc. In addition, endocrine disorders can also cause female obesity, hairy, premature aging and other problems, affecting women's beauty and body.

4, emotional changes: women with endocrine disorders often have emotional changes, such as temper, irritability, temper and so on.

Endocrine disorders are harmful to men

1. Affect the reproductive system and cause male infertility. If the endocrine disorder is not treated in time, the endocrine system controls the balance of the entire reproductive system, and the endocrine system is disordered, causing this balance to be disrupted. The consequence is that each reproductive organ is likely to be unstable. Its function will also decline, which will eventually affect male fertility and cause male infertility.

Type of male infertility caused by endocrine disorders

(1) pituitary lesions: hyperfunction of the pituitary, may lead to early sexual desire, body shape changes, etc., followed by loss of libido, semen abnormalities leading to infertility. Poor pituitary function can also cause decreased sexual desire and sexual intercourse, testicular atrophy, leading to insufficient testicular endocrine function, sperm reduction, and even death of sperm, leading to infertility.

(2) Hypothyroidism: common in small illnesses.

(3) Hyperthyroidism: common in sudden degenerative goiter.

(4) Cushing's comprehensive syndrome: caused by excessive secretion of adrenal cortex hormones, more common in adrenal tumors. The patient had loss of libido, impotence, low plasma testosterone levels, testicular tissue atrophy, degeneration of interstitial cells, and impaired spermatogenesis.

(5) Diabetes: In patients with type I diabetes, the spermatogenic epithelium undergoes degeneration, the number of sperm is reduced, the number of dead sperm is increased, and there is obvious impotence. Type II diabetes is mildly mild and has little effect on fertility, and type 2 diabetes occurs in older people and is therefore not closely related to fertility.

2, reduce human immunity, causing disease infection. Endocrine disorders, system balance is broken, the male immune system will decline, the resistance to external bacteria is weakened, so men are vulnerable to external pathogens, resulting in multiple male diseases, affecting physical health.

Endocrine disorders Symptoms Common symptoms Menstrual cycle changes Point acne Face hair obvious Female infertility Physiological obesity Facial fat granules Moody pigmentation Menstrual period Long acne Male infertility

female

The female endocrine disorders we often talk about usually have the following symptoms:

1. Deterioration of the skin: A lot of yellow spots appear on the skin, and the complexion is dark and stained. A lot of cosmetics are used to no avail. In fact, this is not just a skin problem. These spots are also caused by external factors when the endocrine is unstable. Caused by bad stimuli.

2, temper is impetuous: menopausal women often have some temper temper, emotional changes, sweating, temper deterioration, etc., which may be caused by female endocrine function disorders.

3, gynecological diseases: gynecological endocrine diseases are very common, endometriosis, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, etc. are all gynecological endocrine diseases, and some breast diseases are also related to endocrine disorders, some facial color Spots are also caused by endocrine disorders.

4, obesity: "Drinking cold water is long meat", many people often send such feelings. According to endocrinologists, this may be related to my endocrine disorders, high-calorie, high-fat foods, eating diet and other dietary habits will also affect endocrine.

5, infertility: Some women have been married for many years, sexual life is normal, but pregnancy is hopeless. Go to the hospital for examination, the doctor told me to adjust the endocrine first. The reason is endocrine disorders, which make the regulation of endocrine in the cerebral cortex ineffective, leading to the normal secretion of hormones closely related to pregnancy, affecting pregnancy; or endometrial damage, insensitive to female hormones Reflexively affects the regulation of endocrine and reduces the chances of successful pregnancy.

6, breast disease: breast pain, breast hyperplasia, the main reason is endocrine disorders. The more important role of the breast is to promote its growth and development through the secretion of estrogen, so once the endocrine imbalance, disorder, it is easy to form breast hyperplasia and breast cancer.

7, excessive body hair: regardless of men and women, the body's endocrine system will simultaneously produce and release androgen and estrogen, the difference is that boys have more males, women have fewer males, so that they will have their own characteristics. However, when the endocrine disorders in the body, excessive secretion of male androgen may cause hairy symptoms.

8, white hair, premature aging: premature aging of white hair may also be an endocrine problem. In addition, endocrine disorders, especially the reduction of sex hormone secretion, is an important cause of aging in humans.

9. Tinnitus: Menopausal women often complain that they have tinnitus, but the hearing test is normal. In addition to tinnitus, they also have some unexplained symptoms, such as tinnitus when the ear is touched by hand or the scalp is gently rubbed by hand.

male

1, face acne: In a sense, many boys face acne, in fact, is caused by endocrine disorders, but it is a slight manifestation of endocrine disorders, and can be adjusted by themselves.

2, testicular endocrine abnormalities: primary testicular dysfunction, more common are Kline felter (Kline felter syndrome), radiation damage, cytotoxic damage, malnutrition, etc.; secondary testicular dysfunction, such as Male pseudo-hermaphroditism manifested by Kallmam's syndrome and androgen receptor deficiency.

3, adrenal diseases: Addison's disease (adrenal hypofunction), Cushing's syndrome (cortisolism), feminine adrenal cortical tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, aldosteronism and other diseases, Cause male infertility.

4, thyroid disease: severe hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, can affect reproductive function. When thyroid function is low, testosterone synthesis is reduced, sperm production is inhibited, and sexual dysfunction occurs. Hyperthyroidism is often accompanied by male breast development, loss of libido, impotence and so on.

5, pituitary lesions: pituitary hyperfunction, early sexual loss, body shape changes, etc., followed by loss of libido, semen abnormalities, impotence and other causes of infertility. Pituitary function is low, such as pituitary tumors, inflammation, surgical injury or radiotherapy to destroy the pituitary, resulting in hypopituitarism, decreased sexual desire, decreased sexual intercourse, testicular atrophy, spermatogenesis disorders. Pituitary tumors can increase the level of prolactin in the blood, interfere with the secretion of LH and inhibit the spermatogenic function of the testis and impotence, leading to male infertility.

Endocrine disorders

Serological tests for six endocrine tests are generally performed on the third day of the menstrual cycle. If it is because of amenorrhea, you can check it at any time; if it is a special case of time, you can check it at any time, but you must indicate the specific time, such as the specific time of the menstrual cycle. Because there are four types of follicular phase, ovulation period, luteal phase and menopause in the menstrual cycle, the normal values of these types are different. Does not explain the specific time of the menstrual cycle, there is no way to judge whether it is normal or not.

In the six endocrine examinations, the items examined are different and the methods of attention are different. The contents of the inspection can be checked in full or in a single inspection, but many hospitals are currently in full inspection. All inspections should pay attention to:

1. Check testosterone and take 2 ml of venous serum. The commonly used method is radioimmunoassay. After separating serum, it can be determined.

2, check estrogen (estradiol), progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, is also after the separation of venous serum, requiring 2 ml.

3, check luteinizing hormone, although the same is radioimmunoassay, but because luteinizing hormone is pulsed secretion, specimen collection is best collected within 3-4 times within 1 hour, and then mixed together for measurement, this is more accurate.

4, prolactin should be checked on an empty stomach, and serum is taken around 9 o'clock in the morning.

Endocrine disorders diagnosis

Mainly through functional diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, and etiological diagnosis. When the patient is being examined, the following points should be noted:

Determination of hormone concentration: The concentration of hormone in body fluid can be determined by radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, etc. The reliability determines the purity and characteristics of the antibody, and the quality of the sample is collected. For example, the determination of insulin concentration in blood also includes proinsulin. When the blood C-peptide was measured, the undissociated C-peptide was also included, which affected the reliability of the measurement results. Resolving power can only be improved by using a monoclonal antibody detection method. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish between free (more biologically active) hormones and combined (more biologically active) hormones in body fluids in order to correctly evaluate the results.

Dynamic observation of hormones : Determination of normal rhythms of hormone secretion, such as ACTH, day and night fluctuations of cortisol, and the rhythm of lutein and stimulating hormone. The disappearance of normal rhythm is mostly an early manifestation of glandular dysfunction.

Hormone regulation test: including excitatory test (checking for hormonal response) and inhibition test (checking feedback inhibition function), it has great significance in identifying physiological changes and pathological changes, and defining the nature of pathological changes.

Receptor assay: Determination of the amount and quality of various target cell receptors, such as erythrocyte insulin receptor assay, blood cell nuclear T3 receptor assay, and the like. Mainly used in patients with inconsistent hormonal water disease and clinical manifestations, the rhythm of receptor changes also has important clinical significance.

Target cell function test: Only the response of the target cell can reflect the abnormal function of the endocrine gland in the clinic, so the function of the target cell can be objectively evaluated for the effect of the hormone. For example, platelet potassium-sodium ATPase activity is significantly increased during hyperthyroidism, myocardial isovolumic systolic shortening, and basal metabolic rate is increased.

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