Monocytic leukemia

Introduction to monocytic leukemia Specific skin lesions of monocytic leukemia are purple to reddish brown papules, nodules, and plaques. Acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) can cause vesicular damage. The development of skin lesions is fast and can naturally subside. Leukemia gingival hyperplasia is characteristic of AMOL and occurs in 60% of patients. Occasionally, gum ulcers, necrosis and hemorrhage can occur. Congenital monocytic leukemia is a rare type. There are no effective preventive measures for this disease, pay attention to the details of life, early detection and early diagnosis is the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: anemia

The cause of monocytic leukemia

Causes:

The incidence of CMML is about 1 to 2/100000/year, the median age of onset is 65 to 75 years old, and the incidence rate of male and female is about 1.5 to 3:1. The specific cause is unknown. Ionizing radiation, occupational, environmental carcinogens and poisons may be related to this disease. The disease is a clonal disease of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. The most common recurring chromosomal abnormalities in CMML patients are +8, -7/del (7q), and 12p structural abnormalities. About 40% of patients are at the time of confirmation or disease. There is a point mutation in the Ras gene.

Monocytic leukemia prevention

To avoid exposure to harmful factors, pregnant women and children should avoid exposure to harmful chemicals, ionizing radiation and other factors that cause leukemia. When exposed to poisons or radioactive materials, various protective measures should be strengthened; avoid environmental pollution, especially indoor environmental pollution; Use medication, use cytotoxic drugs with caution. It is best to find prevention early.

Monocytic leukemia complications Complications anemia

There are varying degrees of hepatosplenomegaly. Lymph node enlargement is uncommon. If lymphadenopathy occurs, it indicates that the disease progresses to the acute phase. The median survival of patients with CMML is 20 to 40 months (range, 1 to 100 months), and about 15% to 30% of cases progress to acute leukemia. Splenomegaly, severity of anemia, and increased leukocyte count are important factors in the prognosis of the disease.

Symptoms of monocytic leukemia Common symptoms Gingival hyperplasia Gingival bleeding Erosive vesicular nodules Pap

The specific skin lesions of monocytic leukemia are purple to reddish brown papules, nodules and plaques. Acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) can cause vesicular damage, and the skin lesions can spread throughout the body and can invade the face and Head, skin lesions development cycle is fast, can naturally subside, leukemia gingival hyperplasia is characteristic of AMOL, occurs in 60% of patients, occasionally gingival ulcer, necrosis and hemorrhage, congenital monocytic leukemia is a rare type .

Examination of monocytic leukemia

Histopathology:

Mainly in the dermis, see dense blood vessels or diffuse and fusion infiltration, often involving the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the epidermis is usually not affected except for epidermal mutations. In most cases, atypical cells are seen around the infiltration. Walking through the collagen fiber bundles, they are arranged in a "longitudinal column" arrangement, which is composed of monomorphic tumor cells with different size wrinkles or kidney nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. Deep infection and irregular nucleation are common in infiltration. Large atypical monocytes, common atypical mitotic figures, but in small numbers, a small number of granulosa cells and exuded red blood cells are mixed with tumor cells.

Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry:

Most AMOL cases are positive for lysozyme staining, chloroacetate esterase is usually not found in AMOL, tumor cells express leukocyte common antigen, (CD45) and Leu22 (CD43), and frozen sections use granulosa cells and monocyte markers 1eu-M5 (CD11c), KiM7 (CD68), My7 (CDl3), OKM14 (CD14), VIIIM2 (CD65) and MY9 (CD33) staining, about 85% of the specimens were positive.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of monocytic leukemia

According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions, histopathology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry can be diagnosed.

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