Mental disorders due to industrial poisoning

Introduction to mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning In industrial production, heavy metals, polymer compounds and toxic gases are often used. After exposure to these toxic substances, the poisons enter the human body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes, directly or indirectly acting on the brain. Symptoms occur and mental symptoms appear. Improving the working environment, strengthening labor protection and preventing industrial pollution are the key to preventing industrial poisoning. Once poisoning is discovered, it should be immediately removed from the toxic environment and treated accordingly. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.025% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sleep disorders

Causes of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning

(1) Causes of the disease

Mental disorders caused by lead poisoning (35%):

Lead is a neurotropic and hemolytic poison. After entering the human body, it mainly exists in the long bone trabeculae, a small amount in the internal organs, soft tissues and blood. The latter is poisonous to the body and causes poisoning. Generally, inorganic lead compounds cause chronic diseases. Poisoning, lead poisoning is more common in lead mining, smelting, glass and battery manufacturing, paints, pigments, rubber printing, typesetting and other industries and departments, or accidentally, more lead-containing drugs, direct or indirect effects of toxic substances in lead poisoning In the brain, the normal physiological function of the brain is disordered and mental symptoms appear.

Mental disorders caused by mercury poisoning (23%):

Mercury poisoning is found in the mining and smelting of mercury mines and in all instrument manufacturing industries that use mercury. Mercury is a silvery white liquid metal that evaporates at room temperature. Metallic mercury vapor flows with the gas and mainly invades the human body through the respiratory tract. Metallic mercury can be absorbed by the skin. Mercury vapor is absorbed in the lungs through the respiratory tract, and reaches the organs and tissues with the blood, and is accumulated in the central nervous system and liver, kidney and other organs, causing poisoning. Most of the industry is chronic poisoning.

Mental disorders caused by tetraethyl lead poisoning (10%):

Tetraethyl lead is an organic lead, a colorless, transparent, highly fat-soluble, volatile, highly toxic industrial poison used in the aerospace, automotive and tractor industries, primarily as an explosion-proof agent for powered gasoline. Access to the body is caused by inhalation of vapors from the respiratory tract or absorption from the skin.

1. Mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning: Manganese poisoning is common in manganese mining, manganese metal smelting and workers in ceramics, glass, plastics, dry batteries, etc. Manganese is mainly in the form of manganese dust through the respiratory tract into the blood, selective Acting on the striatum and globus pallidus of the central nervous system, the subcortical nucleus is damaged, and autonomic dysfunction occurs, mainly chronic poisoning.

2. Mental disorders caused by carbon disulfide poisoning: Carbon disulfide is widely used in viscose fiber manufacturing and rubber industry. It is a colorless oil with highly volatile solvent. It is a systemic neurotoxic substance that can cause damage to the nervous system. It mainly invades the human body by the respiratory tract.

3. Mental disorders caused by benzene poisoning: Benzene is one of the widely used raw materials and solvents in the industry. It is a volatile liquid. It is mainly inhaled into the body by the respiratory tract. The skin can also absorb a small amount. When it is acutely poisoned, its toxic effect is mainly damage. In the central nervous system, bone marrow and blood changes play a major role in chronic poisoning.

4. Mental disorders caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of all carbonaceous materials. It is not only a toxic gas widely found in steelmaking, mining, chemical industry, etc., but also often used in daily life. Encountered, it is a very dangerous gas, acute carbon monoxide poisoning coma after rescue and recovery, after a period of time, there are mental and neurological symptoms, known as carbon monoxide poisoning mental disorders, seen in non-productive accidents, the common cause is Since the unextinguished coal stove is placed in a closed room or a gas pipe for domestic use, it is easy to occur especially in winter.

5. Mental disorders caused by polymer compound poisoning: There are many varieties of polymer compounds. Because of its structural characteristics, it has many properties and can be used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, etc. These materials are related to industrial and agricultural production. Cutting-edge science and national defense construction are extremely related to the daily life, clothing, food and shelter of the people, and have developed rapidly in recent decades.

Polymer compounds are large molecular weight compounds, all of which are polymerized from one or several monomers. The various polymer compounds are themselves non-toxic, but the compounds used in the manufacturing and processing processes, as well as many by-products produced. Some of them are toxic to the human body. According to animal experiments and some preliminary clinical observations, in addition to physical symptoms, the inhibition process in the cerebral cortex may be weakened, and the symptoms of relative excitability increase, and mental symptoms appear.

(two) pathogenesis

1. Mental disorders caused by lead poisoning: Lead is a neurotropic and hemolytic poison. The way to enter the human body is mainly through the respiratory tract, followed by the digestive tract. Lead enters the human body mainly in the long bone trabeculae, a small amount in the liver. , spleen, kidney, brain, muscle, blood, lead is more harmless in the bone, but when the lead content in soft tissue and blood is too high, it is toxic to the body and can cause lead poisoning. Lead and calcium in the bone have The same metabolic process, when the calcium deficiency or calcium in the food is reduced, and the calcium output increases, the lead in the bone can be transferred to the blood, and the lead concentration in the blood increases in a short period of time, which can also cause lead poisoning, and the lead in the body is mainly The kidney and feces are excreted, so the determination of urine lead content has diagnostic value.

2. Mental disorders in mercury poisoning: Mercury enters the human body and reaches the organs and tissues with the blood, accumulates in the central nervous system and liver, kidney and other organs to cause poisoning. Mercury can inhibit the sulfhydryl group of the protein, thus inhibiting the function of the enzyme system. , leading to cell metabolism disorders, industrial chronic poisoning.

3. Mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning: Manganese is a kind of cytotoxicity, which is selected to act on the central nervous system striatum, globus pallidus and hypothalamus. It can inhibit dopa decarboxylase and make striatum inhibitory nerve. The content of dopamine in the medium is reduced, and there is a functional change in the early stage of poisoning. After the contact is stopped, the nerve cell degeneration can be completely recovered, and the brain function is impaired to cause mental disorder.

4. Mental disorders caused by carbon disulfide poisoning: Carbon disulfide is a systemic nervous system poison that can cause damage to the nervous system and is mainly invaded by the respiratory tract.

5. Mental disorders caused by benzene poisoning: Benzene is an organic solvent widely used in industry. It is a volatile liquid, which is mainly invaded by the respiratory tract. The skin can also absorb a small amount. When acute poisoning, it mainly damages the central nervous system. When chronic poisoning occurs. Bone marrow and blood are the main damage sites.

6. Mental disorders in carbon monoxide poisoning: Since the affinity of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is hundreds of times greater than that of oxygen and hemoglobin, its dissociation is thousands of times slower. Therefore, carbon monoxide enters human blood through the respiratory tract, and soon Combined with hemoglobin to form carbon monoxide hemoglobin, causing hypoxemia, and after stopping inhaling carbon monoxide, the blood carbon monoxide hemoglobin usually takes 7 to 24 hours to completely dissociate. In addition, high concentration of carbon monoxide can also be combined with iron in cytochrome oxidase. Combining, while inhibiting the respiratory process of the tissue, the central nervous system is most sensitive to hypoxia, so the symptoms first occur, mainly causing degeneration of the blood vessel wall cells of the brain tissue and vasomotor nerve paralysis, causing angiogenesis, expansion and permeability, Later, there may be occlusive endarteritis, leading to blood circulation disorder, tissue hypoxia, severe cerebral edema, especially in the subcortical striatum and substantia nigra, thrombosis, punctiform hemorrhage, and even Necrosis and secondary softening, after the formation of repair phenomenon, the emergence of glial cells Health, these pathological changes of vascular development to the pathological changes of brain tissue take a certain period of time, therefore, patients often have a "waking period" after waking up, after the emergence of neurological symptoms, the existence of chronic poisoning of carbon monoxide, There is controversy. Some authors believe that carbon monoxide is not an accumulation of poison. In clean air, under normal breathing conditions, a small amount of carbon monoxide in the blood is easily excreted from exhalation, so there is no chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. However, according to domestic and foreign sources, gas workers, car drivers (carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas) and long-term exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide can be seen in chronic poisoning.

7. Mental disorders caused by polymer compound poisoning: Polymer compounds are compounds with a large molecular weight, which are all polymerized from one or several kinds of monomers. Various polymer compounds are non-toxic, but they are manufactured. Some of the compounds used in the processing and some of the by-products produced are toxic to the human body. The phenol used in the manufacture of phenolic plastics is neurotoxic. The decomposition of formaldehyde into the body is also toxic to the body. After entering the body, cerebral cortical inhibition can occur. The process is weakened, resulting in a relative excitatory mental disorder.

Prevention of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning

Improving the working environment, strengthening labor protection and preventing industrial pollution are the key to preventing industrial poisoning. Once poisoning is discovered, it should be immediately removed from the toxic environment and treated accordingly.

1. Prevention of mental disorders caused by lead poisoning: Firstly eliminate the factors causing poisoning in the labor environment, improve working conditions, prevent continued poisoning, patients must leave the scene, adjust diet, and improve nutrition.

2. Prevention of mental disorders caused by mercury poisoning: from the source of poison, from the poisoned environment to prevent further poisoning, improve working conditions and strengthen protection.

3. Prevention of mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning: leave the poisoned environment and give more calcium food.

4. Prevention of mental disorders caused by carbon disulfide poisoning: from the poisoning environment.

5. Prevention of mental disorders caused by benzene poisoning: First, get rid of the poisoning environment.

6. Mental disorders caused by polymer compound poisoning are mainly prevention: such as enhanced ventilation, equipment sealing, attention to personal protection and hygiene, regular physical examination.

Complications of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning Complications, sleep disorders

The disease can cause a series of complications. Because the disease is related to industrial poisoning, it can cause sleep disorders, weak grip, hand and foot tremors, etc., and can also cause severe liver and kidney function and myocardial damage due to contact or inhalation of a large amount of industrial substances. The damage of the zymogram can be manifested as an explosive increase in ALT, and severe cases can cause liver failure. Renal function impairment may have oliguria, no urine and other performance, so for patients with industrial poisoning, should pay attention to monitor the specific indicators of liver function and kidney function.

Symptoms of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning Common symptoms diarrhea abdominal pain intense tears hypotension appetite loss nosebleeds low fever blush

1. Mental disorders caused by lead poisoning

Most of the causes caused by general inorganic lead compounds are chronic poisoning. Acute poisoning is very rare, mainly manifested as a syndrome of psychosis and body.

(1) Acute poisoning:

1 Psychic symptoms: mainly due to the sudden occurrence of acute paralysis, due to visual hallucinations, patients show fear, anxiety, excitement, and can be murdered.

2 physical symptoms: limb convulsions, epileptic seizures, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, toxic liver disease and kidney disease, and anemia.

(2) Chronic poisoning:

1 Psychic symptoms: cerebral weakness syndrome is an early symptom of chronic lead poisoning, mainly intractable headache, head subsidence, tight head, fatigue, weakness, body muscle and joint pain, insomnia, memory loss, severe toxic encephalopathy, mental performance Slow, emotional apathy, mental decline and personality changes.

2 symptoms and signs of the body system:

A. Toxic neuritis: can be expressed as motor-induced polyneuritis, such as: decreased grip, hand and foot muscle weakness, muscle paralysis and carpal ptosis, foot ptosis; also visible sensory polyneuritis, such as numbness of the extremities and extremities Gloves, sock-type sensory disability.

B. Hand tremors, convulsions, epileptic seizures.

C. Digestive system symptoms: loss of appetite, metallic sweetness in the mouth, lead in the gums, nausea, constipation, lead-induced abdominal cramps.

D. Hematopoietic system symptoms: Chronic lead poisoning, due to pathological hyperplasia of red blood cells in the bone marrow, a large number of immature red blood cells containing basophilic substances in the surrounding blood - reticulocytes, red blood cells and multi-stained red blood cells, severe patients Mild hypochromic anemia, urinary brown pigment, increased urinary porphyrin and increased lead in urine can be an important basis for lead poisoning.

2. Mental disorders caused by tetraethyl lead poisoning

Tetraethyl lead poisoning is particularly damaging to the central nervous system. It is characterized by mental symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. After recovery, it often leaves a persistent and weak state.

(1) Acute poisoning: generally occurs in the short-term inhalation of a large amount of tetraethyl lead vapor, often several hours to several days before the onset of symptoms, dizziness, headache, nausea, fatigue, sometimes dizziness at the beginning Similar to the feeling of "seasickness", as well as the phenomenon of autonomic dysfunction, slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, hypothermia, drooling, increased sweating, pale skin, trembling, etc., severe poisoning may cause disturbance of consciousness, manifested as sputum State, there is horror illusion, such as seeing all kinds of strange beasts, ghosts and long-headed people, the typical symptom is oral illusion, the patient feels that "there is something like hair and straw that comes out of the middle of the teeth", " There is a piece of meat in the mouth, and threatening and impulsive auditory hallucinations are also characteristic. In severe cases, seizures and coma can occur.

(2) Chronic poisoning: mainly manifested as cerebral weakness syndrome and autonomic dysfunction, except for the above headaches, dizziness and sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction, slow heartbeat, blood pressure reduction, blood Middle lymphocytes and mononuclear leukocytes.

3. Clinical manifestations of mental disorders caused by mercury poisoning

(1) Mental symptoms:

1 cerebral weakness syndrome is an early symptom of chronic mercury poisoning. It appears as a general neurasthenia syndrome at the beginning, such as: headache, dizziness, general weakness, memory loss, poor sleep at night, difficulty falling asleep, easy to wake up, more dreams, a few The patient is lethargic.

After 2, there may be emotional activity disorders, showing emotional instability, excitement, incitement, temper, irritability, etc.; some can also be expressed as emotionally fragile, crying, pessimistic, melancholy, timid, shy, lack of self-confidence and family and The performance of social activities is indifferent.

(2) symptoms of the nervous system: toxic tremors are common in mercury, early appearance in the eyelids, tongue, fingers, and then development can reach the wrist, upper or lower limbs, head, and even the whole body, tremor is symmetrical, and there are coarse and fine Movement, and finger tremors, often aggravated by nervousness or being noticed by others, disappearing during sleep.

(3) autonomic nervous disorder: such as excessive sweating, blood pressure and pulse instability, skin scratch marks positive.

(4) Other symptoms: stomatitis is one of the early symptoms. In the early stage, there may be an oral mucosal inflammatory reaction. There is a metallic taste in the mouth. The salivation is increased. Sometimes the mouth is dry, the lips, cheeks, tongue may be swollen or ulcerated, and the gums are swollen. Easy to bleed, often with dark blue mercury lines of mercury sulfide.

(5) Laboratory examination: lymphocytosis in the blood, proteinuria and urinary mercury increased.

(6) Other mercury preparation poisoning:

1Organic mercury is a commonly used pesticide fungicide, such as Sai Li San (2.5% phenylmercuric acetate) and Cilisheng (2.5% ethyl mercuric chloride), which can be absorbed by the respiratory tract and skin. Acute poisoning is mild and has brain weakness syndrome. When severe, there may be muscle tremor, ataxia, even quadriplegia, blurred vision, reduced visual field, etc., when severe, can cause coma, convulsions and death, chronic poisoning may have brain weakness syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, or Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, some patients may have hepatomegaly or frequent urination. If the development is serious, neurological organic damage may occur, such as peripheral neuritis, limb paralysis, ataxia, visual field reduction, and mental memory. Decline, fiction, and intellectual barriers can also have thought association barriers, suspiciousness, auditory hallucinations, and emotional instability.

2 consumption of water contaminated with methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) and fish poisoning: typical symptoms are as follows: visual impairment with concentric vision reduction; perceptual disorder, may have epistatic or deep disorders; cerebellar disorders; And hearing impairment; tremor; finger deformation when the disease is severe, and the most prominent types of congenital chlorinated methylmercury poisoning are the following four types: congenital speechless type; hyperactive type; dysregulated type; intelligent disorder type.

4. Mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning

(1) Psychiatric symptoms: early symptoms of neurasthenia, headache, dizziness, difficulty falling asleep, multiple dreams, easy to wake up and obvious memory loss and sexual dysfunction, limb weakness or soreness, can also appear drowsiness, these symptoms Sometimes it can be relieved and sometimes aggravated. Some patients are prone to excitement, compulsory laughter appears, some express euphoria, and some are dull and indifferent.

(2) Symptoms and signs of the body (including the nervous system): symptoms of extrapyramidal damage, Parkinson's syndrome, severe expression, masked face, small and rapid pace, pre- and backward gait, rotation action Flexible, small writing, difficult speech, ambiguity, etc., symptoms of cone system damage, such as hyperreflexia, convulsions, abdominal wall reflexes weakened or disappeared, pathological reflexes, autonomic dysfunction, mild hyperthyroidism, Some patients can cause liver and kidney function changes, manganese manganese, urinary manganese, and manure manganese can be increased in patients with manganese poisoning.

5. Mental disorders caused by carbon disulfide poisoning

(1) acute poisoning: rare, psychiatric symptoms mainly manifested as cerebral weakness syndrome, manic syndrome, disturbance of consciousness, neurological symptoms can appear paralyzed, coma and even paralysis of paralysis, and nausea, suffocating eggs Odor, although the symptoms are serious, but the prognosis is better.

(2) Chronic poisoning:

1 psychiatric symptoms: the vast majority of early symptoms of cerebral weakness, loss of libido; affective disorders: often fear, crying, depression and irritability alternating or appearing manic state; delusional state, serious can occur Toxic encephalopathy.

2 neurological symptoms and signs: polyneuritis, can affect the sensory fibers and sports fibers, the patient's hand and foot and calf muscle atrophy, limb weakness, standing instability, difficulty walking, gastrocnemius contraction and pain, sputum reflex.

Severe cases of toxic encephalopathy, manifested by tremor paralysis, pseudobulbar palsy, vascular encephalopathy, etc. According to Yuan Tian, the symptoms of carbon disulfide poisoning are characterized by stroke and various changes in the fundus, but the characteristic changes are Microangioma, which is the basis for the diagnosis of carbon disulfide poisoning, loss of sense of smell and taste, optic atrophy.

6. Mental disorders caused by benzene poisoning

(1) Acute benzene poisoning:

1 Psychic symptoms: can be expressed as drunkenness, gait, excitement; inhalation of high concentrations of benzene can cause disturbance of consciousness, paralysis.

2 nervous system symptoms and signs: most patients have autonomic nervous manifestations, such as blushing, numbness of hands and feet, sweating, etc., in severe cases, convulsions, dilated pupils, slow response to light, sputum reflexes and then weakened, and even Pathological reflexes and meningeal irritation, and mucosal irritation, such as tearing, conjunctival congestion, cough, etc., and temporary changes in blood.

(2) Chronic benzene poisoning: cerebral weakness syndrome may occur in the early stage, and hematopoietic system dysfunction occurs later. The number of white blood cells in the blood decreases and thrombocytopenia occurs first, followed by various bleeding phenomena such as nosebleeds, gums, subcutaneous and mucosa. Bleeding, severe visceral bleeding, and later manifested as anemia symptoms.

7. Mental disorders caused by carbon monoxide poisoning

The clinical manifestations and the severity of poisoning are related to the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air and the amount of carbon monoxide saturation in the blood. The occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms is closely related to the length of coma after poisoning. According to Xu Yue et al. (1965), those who were coma for more than 4 hours and Half of the patients below 4 hours developed neuropsychiatric symptoms, and those without consciousness disturbance had no neuropsychiatric symptoms.

(1) Acute poisoning:

1 physical symptoms, signs: facial congestion is cherry red, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, may have nausea or vomiting, if not left from the poison source, continue to stay in the poisoning environment, that is, the confusion is unclear, even coma, the initial The blood pressure rises and then falls, and there may be arrhythmia.

2 ECG shows ST segment elevation or decline, T wave inverted or flat, white blood cells increased, red blood cells and hemoglobin increased, blood CO qualitative determination positive, this determination if carboxyhemoglobin is below 50%, generally out of poisoning environment 1 ~ 2h You can turn negative.

3 mental symptoms:

A. Some patients have psychiatric symptoms or neurological symptoms after waking up, often after a few days, weeks or up to 2 months of "awake period" after neurological symptoms, called neurological symptoms At this time, the patient suddenly became ill, there are disorientation, abnormal behavior and strange and incomprehensible movements, expressions are stunned, unresponsive, some excitement, some muttering, gradually increasing, speech reduction, unclear pronunciation, size Incontinence, organic dementia and personality changes.

B. After the waking period, the symptoms and signs of the nervous system are various, mainly including:

a. focal cerebral damage and tremor palsy, chorea, hemiparesis, seizures, aphasia, ataxia.

b. Peripheral nerve damage, such as mononeuritis, polyneuritis.

c. Autonomic nervous system damage, such as skin dystrophy, inner ear vertigo, and diencephalic syndrome.

d. Blurred vision, reduced visual field, and visible optic atrophy in the late stage.

The Beijing Medical Psychiatry Teaching and Research Group counted 15 psychotic diseases after carbon monoxide poisoning. After acute poisoning, different degrees of consciousness disorder occurred. Most patients reached coma, which lasted for several hours to several days (13 cases within 3 days), except for 2 cases. In the case of psychiatric symptoms after acute poisoning and coma, 13 patients developed psychiatric symptoms after the "awake period" from 2 days to 2 months. In the awake period, except for a slightly indifferent state of fatigue, the rest The patient has no symptoms and symptoms. In 15 cases, according to the development of symptoms, it can be divided into 3 types: acute dementia type: 12 cases, many without prodromal symptoms, sudden behavioral disorders, slow movements, sluggish expression, can not understand And to complete the usual familiar work, such as cooking, buying vegetables, etc., after a few hours to several days, the symptoms gradually increase, speech is reduced, the pronunciation is unclear, the muscles of the limbs are increased, the incontinence is incontinent, and the brain is intrinsic. Dementia status; Parkinson's syndrome type: 2 cases, awake period are 2 months, manifested as unclear or repeated speech, difficult to start, handwriting is completely incomplete, facial dull; nerve-like WEAK: 1 cases, coma 2.5h, business as usual after waking up, after 2 months without any reason dizziness, aches and pains, lack of appetite, memory loss and so on.

(2) Chronic poisoning: Some gas workers, car drivers (carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas) and long-term exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide can cause chronic poisoning, headache, dizziness (sometimes dizziness), palpitations, sleep disorders, memory loss , systemic weakness, easy to burn and other brain weakness syndrome, some patients with irritability, irritability, anxiety, depression, etc., and can appear vision reduction, indigestion, anemia and so on.

8. Psychic disorders caused by high molecular compound poisoning. Systemic symptoms may include headache, dizziness, fatigue, lethargy, palpitations, numbness of the limbs, blurred vision, local irritation, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation and dermatitis. Upper arm, when it reaches severely, lower limbs, torso.

(1) Raw material chloroprene used in the manufacture of synthetic chloroprene rubber: it has strong volatility and stimulates anesthetic toxicity. After inhalation, it forms perchlorobutadiene in the body, which can inhibit the activity of thiolase, and its acute poisoning symptoms. For dizziness, headache, severe convulsions, coma, physical symptoms can be seen nausea, vomiting, mucous membrane irritation and collapse, white blood cells, neutrophils, urinary protein, in the case of chronic poisoning, brain Debilitating syndrome and autonomic dysfunction, such as palpitations, hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, sexual dysfunction, etc. Some patients have loss of appetite, liver pain, swelling, abnormal liver function, hair loss and hair loss are characteristic, and there are still low Blood pressure, slow pulse phenomenon, may also have dermatitis, laboratory examination showed hemoglobin and white blood cell reduction, lymphocyte increase, thrombocytopenia and so on.

(2) Preparation of polyamide fiber raw material caprolactam: in the manufacturing process, its dust and vapor can cause poisoning after inhalation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, sleep disorders and other cerebral weakness syndrome, nose bleeding can also occur. Nasal dryness, upper respiratory tract inflammation, dermatitis and other symptoms.

Examination of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning

Mental disorders caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: increased white blood cells, increased red blood cells and hemoglobin, and positive blood CO determination.

1. Mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning

EEG examination is mild and moderate abnormality, rhythm is reduced, amplitude is decreased, low amplitude activity is increased, wave and wave are scattered, and paroxysmal activity occurs, indicating that manganese has a certain influence on brain bioelectricity. The subclinical stage of manganese poisoning can cause abnormalities in brain electrical activity, and EEG examination is helpful for the diagnosis of manganese poisoning.

2. Mental disorders caused by carbon monoxide poisoning

(1) EEG in acute carbon monoxide poisoning:

1 universal slow wave anomalies, such as extensive delta waves, frontal paroxysmal delta waves, scattered or waves, rhythmic waves, the most common form of this type, the form and duration of slow wave occurrence and poisoning The degree of consciousness is closely related to the state of consciousness at the time of recording. For example, the extensive wave is all seen in patients with severe poisoning and coma, indicating that the brain tissue is seriously affected by severe hypoxia.

2 localized or one-sided slow wave abnormalities, mostly caused by focal lesions.

3 special wave pattern anomalies, such as coma: low to high amplitude wave widely distributed, the anterior head is dominant, coma: the broad medium amplitude 14 ~ 20Hz activity, bilateral symmetry and the previous head is obvious, spindle The coma: in the central region, the rhythmic mid-range 12 to 13 Hz spindle wave appears in the central region, and the top wave appears. The burst-suppressed wave is an explosive polymorphic composite wave alternating with the silent period of electrical activity (wave amplitude <10V), flat Waves have no obvious electrical activity for each guide, and the outbreak suppression wave and flat type indicate poor prognosis.

(2) Electrocardiogram of acute carbon monoxide poisoning: The electrocardiogram of patients with acute phase can show an increase or decrease of ST segment, T wave inversion and flatness.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning

The exact history of exposure to toxic substances, combined with occupational and environmental factors; accompanied by psychiatric symptoms successively caused by invasive poisoning with toxic substances, laboratory and auxiliary examinations have a positive basis for toxic substances.

Exclude mental illness caused by other causes.

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