Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura

Introduction to infectious thrombocytopenic purpura Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura is caused by infections such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., where viral infection is a common cause of thrombocytopenia. It is characterized by a significant reduction in peripheral platelets, maturation of bone marrow megakaryocytes, and clinical manifestations of skin mucosa or visceral hemorrhage. In severe cases, there may be bleeding in other areas such as nosebleeds, bleeding in the gums, excessive menstrual flow in women, or severe vomiting. Symptoms such as hemoptysis, blood in the stool, and blood in the urine, and intracranial hemorrhage are the cause of death of this disease. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: disseminated intravascular coagulation

Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura

Virus (40%):

In children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, viral infection is a major cause of the disease, viral infection can directly damage megakaryocytes, leading to a significant decline in bone marrow megakaryocytes, hepatitis virus can directly invade early pluripotent stem cells and cause damage, Lead to aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia, pediatric measles vaccine, bone marrow megakaryocytes often decreased significantly, 3 days after injection, bone marrow megakaryocytes degeneration, vacuolization, thrombocytopenia, these changes can last 2 weeks, in vitro experimental study It is proved that the virus can rapidly replicate in megakaryocytes, supporting the view that megakaryocytes are infected by viruses and cause thrombocytopenia.

In addition, virus-associated antigen-antibody complexes cause platelet immune destruction and are one of the mechanisms by which viral infection causes thrombocytopenia.

Bacteria (35%):

Many bacterial infections can cause thrombocytopenia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by severe bacterial infection is one of the mechanisms leading to thrombocytopenia. In addition, bacteria invade the bone marrow, and the toxic effects of Gram-negative endotoxin on bone marrow megakaryocytes are also bacteria. The mechanism by which infection causes thrombocytopenia.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of infectious thrombocytopenic purpura varies with the severity of the pathogen and infection. In general, the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis are:

1 megakaryocytes are directly damaged, resulting in thrombocytopenia;

2 pathogens directly destroy or consume platelets, and platelet survival time is shortened;

3 immune mediates platelet destruction.

Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura prevention

Avoid or reduce bacterial and viral infections.

Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura complications Complications, disseminated intravascular coagulation

Infection cannot be actively controlled and can be combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation to be life-threatening.

Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura symptoms Common symptoms Thrombocytopenic purpura Skin mucosal bleeding After collision, skin is prone to cyanosis, thrombocytopenia, bleeding gums, bleeding

The bleeding symptoms of infective thrombocytopenic purpura are generally mild, sometimes there is no bleeding symptoms, but there are also viral infections, such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever, infectious mononucleosis can cause significant decline in platelets, and severe bleeding symptoms.

Examination of infectious thrombocytopenic purpura

1. Peripheral blood hemoglobin, red blood cells are normal, white blood cells can be increased or decreased, and the number of platelets is generally moderate or mildly decreased. In severe cases, it can be as low as (10-20)×109/L.

2. Bone marrow examination of megakaryocytes is reduced or absent, can also increase or normal, depending on the etiology and pathogenesis.

According to the condition, clinical manifestations, symptoms and signs, choose pathogen examination and X-ray, B-ultrasound, biochemical and cerebrospinal fluid examination.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of infectious thrombocytopenic purpura

Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory thrombocytopenia.

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