Urethral cancer

Introduction to urethral cancer Urethral cancer is a urothelial tumor and is relatively rare in clinical practice. Most male urethral cancer is more than 40 years old, and female urethral cancer is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. The cause is approximately 50% of urethral cancer secondary to the bladder, ureter or renal pelvis transitional epithelial cancer. Primary urethral cancer is relatively rare, mainly in women. Male urethral cancer usually seeks medical treatment for urethral obstruction, mass, periurethal abscess, extravasation of urine, urethral fistula and urethral discharge. Some patients have pain, hematuria or blood. Female urethral cancer is more common in older women. Common symptoms are urinary tract bleeding and hematuria. Other symptoms include frequent urination, dysuria, urinary burning, dysuria or dyspareunia. Locally visible or touching masses. Tumor necrosis, ulcers, and infections are seen in the urethra or vaginal discharge of yellow or bloody odorous secretions. Late symptoms are weight loss, pelvic pain, periurethral abscess, urinary incontinence, urethral fistula or urinary retention. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: urethral tuberculosis urinary tract obstruction

Causes of urinary tract cancer

Infection (45%)

Inflammation caused by bacterial infection of the urinary tract, if not completely cured, long-term stimulation of bacteria and inflammatory reactions of chronic urinary tract infection causes squamous metaplasia, the degree of differentiation is different, and the differentiation of cancer beads and intercellular bridge can be seen, differentiation The poor showed obvious atypicality and saw more mitotic figures.

Urethral lesions (20%)

Urethral cancer is associated with malignant transformation of urethral proliferative lesions, such as urethral meat and papilloma. It has been reported that after a total cystectomy for a group of female bladder cancer, 6% to 13% of urinary tract cancers occur, and the proximal urethra is frequently violated.

Mechanical damage (10%)

Birth injury, sexual life injury, squeezing during surgery, transurethral operation or urination are all related to urinary tract cancer.

Other factors (10%)

Human papillomavirus, urethral chemical drug perfusion, etc. can induce urethral cancer.

Urethral cancer prevention

There are no special and effective preventive measures for this disease, changing bad lifestyles, and paying attention to personal hygiene is the key to prevention.

1. Cure:

(1) Tumor resection. (2) There is no metastasis in the inguinal lymph. (3) The incision healed.

2. Better:

(1) The primary tumor is not completely resected. (2) There is metastasis in the inguinal lymph. (3) The wound has not healed. (4) Non-surgical treatment with chemotherapy, local signs improved after radiotherapy. (5) Diversion of urine flow after surgery.

3. Unhealed:

The tumor was not resected and the symptoms and signs were not improved.

Urethral cancer complications Complications urethral tuberculosis urinary tract obstruction

1 blocking the urethra, causing difficulty in urinating, but rarely occurs in urinary retention.

2 infection, can pass through the corpus cavernosum, form inflammation around the urethra, or cause abscess around the urethra; or spread to the scrotum, perineum, form the perineal urethra fistula.

Symptoms of urinary tract cancer Common symptoms The urethral mouth is funnel-like to change the urethra diffuse infiltration of the urethra nodules Urethral bleeding

Male urethral cancer usually seeks medical treatment for urethral obstruction, mass, periurethal abscess, extravasation of urine, urethral fistula and urethral discharge. Some patients have pain, hematuria or blood.

Female urethral cancer is more common in older women. Common symptoms are urinary tract bleeding and hematuria. Other symptoms include frequent urination, dysuria, urinary burning, dysuria or dyspareunia. Locally visible or touching masses. Tumor necrosis, ulcers, and infections are seen in the urethra or vaginal discharge of yellow or bloody odorous secretions. Late symptoms are weight loss, pelvic pain, periurethral abscess, urinary incontinence, urethral fistula or urinary retention.

Common symptoms are as follows:

1. Urethral bleeding is the main symptom. Tumor obstruction of the urethra may cause difficulty in urinating.

2. The tumor can be touched locally when the tumor is large. Female urethral cancer grows out of the urethra.

3. In the advanced stage, there may be dyscrasia such as urinary leakage, weight loss, and anemia.

Urinary tract cancer examination

1. The urethra bleeds, and the urethra touches the mass.

2. Urethral angiography shows filling defects in the urethra. Urethral angiography is a special imaging examination and a common method for diagnosing urinary tract diseases. It is divided into two types: excretory urethrography and retrograde urethrography.

3. The urethra was seen in the tumor, and the biopsy confirmed the tumor.

4. Urine and urethral secretions are found in cancer cells.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of urethral cancer

Male urethral cancer should be differentiated from sharp sputum, urethral stricture, periurethal abscess, tuberculosis, penile cavernous sclerosis, and biopsy should be performed if necessary.

Female urethral cancer should be differentiated from the following diseases

1. Urinary tract meat: It is a benign polypoid tissue that occurs in the female urethra. Sometimes it can be confused with urethral cancer that protrudes to the external urethra. The urethral meat is more common in postmenopausal women, with a burning sensation, and it is bright red. It is a soft, easily bleeding polypoid mass with a wide base and abundant blood vessels. There are no ulcers and secretions on the surface. It has obvious tenderness and does not infiltrate outward.

2. Urethral condyloma: For sexually transmitted diseases, in addition to the external urethra, more often in the vulva, vagina, around the anus, there are urinary burning pain and urethral secretions, when identification is difficult, take a biopsy.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.