Mycoplasma urinary tract infection

Introduction to mycoplasma urinary tract infection Urinary and genital mycoplasma infections are called mycoplasma urinary tract infections, and Mycoplasma is a group of minimal microorganisms that are between bacteria and viruses and are known to live independently. Recently, the pathogenicity of M. genitalium (MG) has attracted attention. In 1937, Drsnes et al. isolated mycoplasma from Pap septic abscess, which is the first report of mycoplasma causing disease in humans. There are 7 kinds of mycoplasma detected from the genitourinary tract, mainly human mycoplasma (MH) and urea-decomposing mycoplasma (UU). basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.3%-0.9% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: prostatitis epididymitis infertility pyelonephritis

Mycoplasma urinary tract infection cause

Cause (75%):

Sulfa drugs and rifampicin are effective against Chlamydia and are ineffective against UU, while spectinomycin and streptomycin are effective against UU, and are ineffective against Chlamydia. Patients with urethritis who are negative for chlamydia culture but positive for UU culture have poor efficacy for sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin. However, when treated with spectinomycin or streptomycin, if the UU is cleared, the clinical symptoms are improved, and if the UU is not cleared, there is no clinical improvement. Utopharon and transient serum antibody response occur after UU inoculation in human urethra, and minocycline (minocycline) is effective, indicating that some mycoplasma is pathogenic under natural conditions, and UU is inoculated into non-human spirits. Mycoplasma can be isolated from the urethra of long-lived animals, and neutrophils are seen in smears of urethral swabs.

Pathogenesis (20%):

The pathogenesis of this disease is unknown. The serotype study found that UU has at least 14 serotypes. UU isolated from NGU patients is most common with serotype 4, serotype 4 is also associated with asymptomatic pyuria, and UU can cause partial NGU ( 10% to 30%), but UU is often detected in the urethra of people without urethritis. It is speculated that only certain serotypes may cause disease, and the patient may be exposed to the pathogen for the first time, or there may be some triggering factors such as mucosa. Immunodeficiency, in addition, UU-induced urethritis can be subclinical and self-limiting, another mycoplasma isolated from the human genital tract is MG, part of the chlamydia is negative, UU-negative patients may be caused by the mycoplasma In particular, some cases of unhealed NGU, there is information that human mycoplasma is closely related to ovarian abscess, salpingitis, abscess, hemorrhagic cystitis, UU can also cause prostatitis, epididymitis and infertility, Urinary calculi, pyelonephritis, etc. It is not uncommon for MH and UU to cause infections other than genitals. It has been found that MH sepsis occurs after renal transplantation, trauma and genitourinary tract manipulation.

Mycoplasma urinary tract infection prevention

Mycoplasma has weak resistance to physicochemical factors and only survives for a short time outside the human body. Sexual transmission between humans is its main mode of survival. Prevention of mycoplasma infection is mainly to avoid sexual disorder and actively treat carriers. The spouse or sexual partner should be treated by both parties to prevent further spread.

1) Urinating immediately after sex. Immediately after sexual intercourse, go to the bathroom. Even if the bacteria has entered the bladder, it can be excreted by urinating.

2) Timely urination: When urinating, the urine will wash away the bacteria in the urethra and vaginal opening, which has a natural cleaning effect.

3) Avoid contamination: The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli. Under normal circumstances, it is parasitic in the intestines and does not cause illness, but if it enters the urethra through the anus, it will cause inflammation of the urethra. Therefore, wipe with a clean toilet paper after the stool, in order from the way to the back, so as not to contaminate the vaginal opening. If there is a flushing device in the bathroom, it is best to rinse the anus area carefully.

4) Vitamin C supplementation: Vitamin C can increase the acidity of urine, making various bacteria that induce urinary tract infections difficult to survive. Therefore, drinking more vitamin-rich beverages such as orange juice, citric acid, and kiwi juice is beneficial for preventing urinary tract infections.

Mycoplasma urinary tract infection complications Complications prostatitis epididymitis infertility pyelonephritis

Can cause prostatitis, epididymitis and infertility, urinary calculi, pyelonephritis and so on.

Mycoplasma urinary tract infection symptoms Common symptoms Urine ammonia water taste in the urine protein and tubular urethra have a white film formation leucorrhea urinary frequency urethra itching collection tube or nipple... urinary pain cervical erosion leukocytosis

The urinary sensation caused by mycoplasma is similar to the general bacterial urinary sensation. It may have acute pyelonephritis such as fever, low back pain, bladder irritation and urinary sediment leukocytosis. It may also be a symptom of lower urinary tract infection. Urinary tract pain and burning sensation of urinary tract irritation and severity, urethra mouth mild redness, often serous or serous purulent urethral secretions, thinner than less gonaditis urethritis secretion, or only found in the morning There are white membrane formation in the urethral orifice. Some patients may have no symptoms and signs of urinary sensation. The urine sediment may also be free of leukocytosis, and only the culture of urinary mycoplasma is positive. Therefore, it is often missed clinically, and the main infection site of female patients is child. Cervical, urethral inflammation is not obvious, manifested as acute, chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion, increased vaginal discharge or mild dysuria and frequent urination, can also be completely asymptomatic.

Examination of mycoplasma urinary tract infection

1. Mycoplasma isolation and culture

The freshly cleaned middle-stage urine is taken and inoculated into the mycoplasma culture medium. Under suitable culture conditions, the mycoplasma is easily separated. When colony growth is found, the homotypic specific antibody inhibition test should be performed for the classification of mycoplasma.

2. Serological diagnostic test

It is a practical method for diagnosing mycoplasma infection. It can be made into antigen by mycoplasma and complemented with patient serum. The serum complement-binding antibody titer in the late stage of the disease is 4 times or more higher than the initial one, which is diagnostic.

Molecular biological diagnostic methods for clinical trials include MG-gap translation whole-genome DNA probes, UU-rRNA-specific DNA probes, and MH-rRNA gene probes. Nucleic acid imprinting tests using DNA probes to diagnose genital mycoplasma Infection, its sensitivity is slightly poor (56% to 63%), but its specificity is high. It can identify various mycoplasma or even interspecies biotypes. To compensate for the lack of sensitivity, more polymerase chain reactions are now being carried out to help diagnose .

Diagnosis and diagnosis of mycoplasma urinary tract infection

diagnosis

The clinical diagnosis of this disease is difficult, and the premise of improving the diagnosis rate is the vigilance of the disease. According to the patient's history of unclean sexual contact, the symptoms of urinary tract inflammation are milder than gonorrhea, and the secretion test can not find gonococcus, under high magnification (400) ×) 10 to 15 white blood cells, more than 5 white blood cells under the oil microscope (1000 ×) can be initially diagnosed. Anyone who is suspected of urinary sensation and repeated urinary bacterial culture should be checked for urinary mycoplasma and mycoplasma. The diagnosis is mainly based on laboratory tests.

Differential diagnosis

Note that identification with gonococcal urinary tract infection, chlamydial urinary tract infection, AIDS urinary tract infection and other bacterial urinary tract infections can be identified by laboratory tests.

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