Amphetamine poisoning

Introduction to amphetamine poisoning Amphetamine (benzedrine) is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic drug that excites alpha and beta adrenergic nerve endings, stimulates the central nervous system and heart, respiratory organs, has elevated blood pressure, contracts peripheral blood vessels, excites the heart, relaxes the bronchi and the intestines. Muscle, dilated pupil, contraction of the bladder sphincter. The therapeutic dose reduces fatigue and creates a feeling of self-improvement. Clinically used for narcolepsy, anesthetics and other central inhibitory drugs, and mental depression. The drug is administered from the intestine or parenteral, and is rapidly absorbed after 1 to 2 hours. About 30% to 40% is destroyed by deamination in the liver, and the remaining unmodified drugs are mainly discharged with urine, and acidic urine can be promoted. It is excreted. For those who are sensitive to this drug, only 2mg can cause symptoms of poisoning. The general poisoning dose is 15~20mg once, and 30mg will have serious reaction. The minimum lethal dose in adults is about 250 mg, and a rapid intravenous injection of 120 mg can kill. Long-term application can tolerate larger doses, and has been used for 400 to 500 mg and still survive. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0004% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: arrhythmia coma cerebral hemorrhage

Amphetamine poisoning etiology

Drug abuse (80%):

The cause of this disease is the abuse of amphetamines and ecstasy. The common method of abuse is oral. Other methods include: nasal inhalation, injection or infusion of beverages. Amphetamine-based non-catecholamine sympathomimetic drugs, excitatory adrenergic nerve endings and central nervous system, elevated blood pressure, contraction of peripheral blood vessels, excitement of the heart, relaxation of bronchi and intestinal smooth muscle, dilated pupils, contraction of the bladder sphincter. This product is rapidly absorbed from the intestines and can be completely absorbed after 1-2 hours. About 30-40% is destroyed by deamination in the liver, and the rest is excreted from the kidney in the original form. The poisoning dose of this product is 15-20mg once. For those who are sensitive to this product, only 2mg will cause symptoms of poisoning.

Amphetamine poisoning prevention

To prevent this disease, we must educate and publicize the masses to learn to master the therapeutic dose, function and side effects of this product. If you have a mental manifestation, you should inquire about the medical history in detail. If you have difficulty in diagnosis, you should stop using this product and observe it. Psychiatric performance can be restored after stopping the drug.

Amphetamine poisoning complications Complications arrhythmia coma cerebral hemorrhage

Common cardiovascular complications include increased blood pressure, tachycardia, arrhythmia, palpitations, atrioventricular block, severe cases of cardiogenic shock accompanied by sudden drop in blood pressure, pulmonary edema, and even cardiac arrest. Arrhythmia is aggravated.

Serious neuropsychiatric symptoms can also be observed in severe cases of poisoning. These include real psychosis, coma, persistent epileptic state, cerebral hemorrhage, respiratory failure and more.

Symptoms of amphetamine poisoning common symptoms arrhythmia diarrhea hypertension faint faint fascination bloating nausea anxiety

In acute poisoning, the central nervous system is mainly characterized. The light ones are emotionally nervous, emotionally disturbed, imaginary, anxious and paralyzed. After a period of excitement, the patient develops consciousness and coma, respiratory superficial and even exhaustive, cardiovascular, and Significant hypertension or low blood pressure, tachycardia, premature beats or other arrhythmias, and even syncope and circulatory failure, some patients with cerebral hemorrhage and other bleeding symptoms, in addition to abdominal distension, diarrhea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions.

Long-term abuse of this drug can lead to amphetamine-type psychosis, manifested as mental agitation, auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations and eccentric ecstasy, etc., can be restored after stopping the drug, but also turned into chronic, long-term abuse also has nausea, vomiting and diarrhea The reaction was obvious, the weight loss was obvious, repeated intravenous administration, and necrotizing vasculitis and intracranial hemorrhage were reported.

Amphetamine poisoning test

1. Check the project for acute poisoning patients to check the frame limit "A";

2. The long-term application inspection project may include a check box "A" or "C".

3, urine routine.

4. Detection of gastric contents. Urine and gastric contents were detected in the presence of opioids.

Check the electrolyte and osmotic blood gas analysis to help diagnose. Physical examination of X-ray, in addition to amphetamine poisoning should check for HIV screening, syphilis screening and other infectious diseases.

Diagnosis and identification of amphetamine poisoning

diagnosis:

1. There is a history of application of excessive amphetamines.

2. Clinical manifestations: Mild poisoning is headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, excitement or inhibition. In severe poisoning, coma, dilated pupils such as needle tip size and difficulty breathing. Chronic poisoning is mainly characterized by loss of appetite, constipation, weight loss, aging and sexual dysfunction.

Differential diagnosis:

Long-term use of this drug can cause paranoid psychosis, sometimes difficult to identify with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is the most common group of diseases in mental illness. In the psychiatric outpatient and inpatient departments, this patient accounts for about two-thirds of the number of patients. Most of the patients started their illness in the young and prosperous youth. The majority of them were around 25 years old. There were also many teenagers and young adults between the ages of 15 and 40. Most of them started slowly and a few were acute or subacute. Most patients have a slow onset without obvious incentives, and many conditions are gradually formed without knowing it. It was first discovered that many times sitting alone seems to be thinking about problems, life is lazy, discipline is slack, attention is not concentrated, often casual, academic performance declines, there are not many conversation topics, simple sentences, monotonous content, gradually cold people I am alienated from my loved ones and I am not interested in things that I am interested in.

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