Trichomonas vaginitis

Introduction to trichomonas vaginitis Trichomona 1vaginitis is a common vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. The trichomoniasis is pear-shaped and has a pointed tip, which is about 2 to 3 times larger than that of multinucleated white blood cells. There are 4 flagella on the top of the worm body, a fluctuating membrane in the body, and a shaft column protruding at the back end. The live trichomoniasis is transparent and colorless, and is in the shape of a drop. The flagella oscillates with the fluctuation of the fluctuating membrane. The life history of trichomoniasis is simple, only the trophozoites have no cysts, and the trophozoites have strong viability, which can be 3 to 5 Survival at °C for 2 days, survival at 46 ° C for 20 to 60 minutes; in a semi-dry environment for about 10 hours; in ordinary soapy water can also survive for 45 to 120 minutes. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: 19% (the above-mentioned probability of sexually active women) Susceptible population: women who do not pay attention to public health and sexual hygiene Mode of transmission: sexual transmission, contact transmission Complications: infertility

Causes of trichomonas vaginitis

Direct infection (30%):

Through sexual intercourse, indirect infection: through public baths, bath tubs, baths, swimming pools, toilets, clothing, equipment and dressings. Trichomonas vaginitis is obtained from external infections. The reason why an infectious disease can spread is that it must have three conditions: the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible.

For trichomoniasis, anyone can be infected, and those with vaginal pH changes or low immunity are more susceptible to infection. After infection with trichomoniasis, patients can self-heal, and even if they are cured, they can re-infect next time. The source of infection with trichomoniasis is those with insects and contaminated objects.

Sexual life communication (30%):

Vaginal trichomoniasis is mainly transmitted through sexual life, so it belongs to sexually transmitted diseases. In China, the mode of transmission is different. Due to the large population of China, public health facilities are relatively backward compared with developed countries. Therefore, the spread of public places is also Become an important means of transmission. For example, the toilet in a public bath or the toilet in a public toilet is contaminated by the secretions of the worms. If the person is sitting directly on a chair or a toilet, it may be infected. In the ponds, swimming pools with large density and poor sanitation in the summer, borrowing from others' underwear, renting swimsuits, etc., may cause the spread of trichomoniasis.

In addition, the use of bath tubs between family members, iatrogenic cross-infection, is also the cause of indirect transmission of trichomoniasis.

Parasitic spread (30%):

Gynecologists suggest that the pathogen of this disease is Trichomonas vaginalis, which is a parasite, but it is invisible to the naked eye. This trichomonas is pear-shaped, 10-30 m long and 4 in the head. The flagella of the same length of the worm can clearly see the trichomonas under the microscope. Trichomonas has strong adaptability to different environments and can grow and grow at 25 °C--42 °C, 3 °C-- It can survive for 21 days at low temperature of 5 °C, and can survive for 20-60 minutes at 46 °C. It can survive for several hours under semi-dry conditions after leaving the human body. Trichomonas not only parasitizes the hypoxic vagina, but also It can invade the urethra and paraurethral glands, and even up to the ureter and renal pelvis. The pH optimum for the growth of Trichomonas is 5.5-6. If the pH is below 5 or above 7.5, the growth of Trichomonas will be inhibited.

Trichomonas vaginitis prevention

prevention

Because trichomoniasis has strong adaptability to changing environment, it also has strong resistance in different concentrations of soapy water and is easily spread. Therefore, it is especially important to do health prevention work. The following points should be noted:

1. Eliminate the source of infection, because the disease is extremely susceptible to infection, the epidemic is very widespread, and there is a considerable proportion of healthy insects. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct routine examinations of trichomoniasis in the obstetrics and gynaecology clinics and hospitalized patients. Strive for early detection and timely treatment, eliminate the source of infection, to achieve the purpose of prevention and control, more should be carried out in factories, schools, township enterprises and residents, regular census and treatment, and pay attention to the prevention and treatment of patient spouses.

2. Eliminate the means of transmission, improve the welfare of citizens, promote showers, abolish public baths, and change the sitting style as a squatting type. It is strictly forbidden to enter the swimming pool for trichomoniasis patients, not to rent public bathing suits and towels, hospital used inspection equipment and clothing. Strictly sterilized, the disinfection towel on the inspection table must be replaced by one person per person.

3. Do a good job in health education and improve people's awareness of prevention.

4. Strict management of patients with isolation and treatment of insects.

Trichomonas vaginitis complications Complications infertility

Trichomonas vaginitis often coexists with other vaginitis, the United States reported that about 60% of the simultaneous bacterial vaginosis, vaginal Trichomonas can swallow sperm, and can block the formation of lactic acid, affecting sperm survival in the vagina, so can be complicated by infertility .

Trichomonas vaginitis symptoms Common symptoms Lower body odor leucorrhea yellow-green leucorrhea increased itching urinary pain leucorrhea odor bacterial infection purulent secretions urinary frequency hematuria

Most cases are asymptomatic, women may feel uncomfortable for 1 week or several months, and then will be significantly improved due to menstruation or pregnancy, vaginal mucosa is inflamed, bright red, patchy membranous pseudomembrane, often accompanied by foamy secretion Things, consciously varying degrees of itching, a few have a burning sensation. The leucorrhea increases yellowish green. Occasionally, frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, or abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus, or alveolar sputum, dental caries. Often cause urethritis, can cause cystitis, vestibular gland inflammation.

Examination of trichomonas vaginitis

1. The easiest way to check the vaginal secretions is to administer the saline drop method. Under the microscope, the trichomoniasis and the increased white blood cells are observed. The sensitivity of this method is 60% to 70%.

2. The culture accuracy is about 98%, avoid sexual intercourse 24 to 48 hours before secretion, vaginal lavage or topical medication, when the secretion is taken, the speculum is not coated with lubricant, and the secretion should be promptly sent for inspection and keep warm. Otherwise, the trichomoniasis activity will be weakened, making it difficult to identify.

3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis with 90% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity.

4. Urine routine, blood routine examination.

Diagnosis and identification of trichomonas vaginitis

Simply vaginal secretions from the posterior iliac crest are suspended in saline, without staining, and can be diagnosed immediately by ordinary microscopy. It is easy to observe the rapid stretching of the flagella and the sprinting activity of the oval protozoa. Cultivation is more sensitive than direct microscopy. Trichomonas vaginitis is also often diagnosed by Pap smear. Tests should be done to rule out gonorrhea, chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases.

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