General physical examination

The whole physical examination is a test of the height, weight, blood pressure, etc. of the person. It includes a series of examinations such as internal medicine system, surgical system, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, stomatology, gynecology, color Doppler ultrasound, laboratory, and pathology. Systemic systemic examination can find some early symptoms to understand whether there is iron deficiency anemia, exclude blood cancer (leukemia) and inflammation and platelets, understand intestinal conditions to eliminate embarrassment, enteritis, understand hematuria, reveal nephritis, understand whether there is infection with hepatitis B The virus clarifies whether there is hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, hepatitis D, hepatitis G infection, and the treatment of various types of hepatitis. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: physical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Be careful not to ingest too much food, so as not to affect the results. Normal value Blood pressure measurement checks blood pressure, no high blood pressure or low blood pressure. General examination: developmental body type, nutritional status, tone of voice, facial expression, normal skin and hair Pulmonary examination: no distortion of the thorax, symmetry of breathing on both sides, stable breathing rhythm and frequency, no abnormal breath sounds, rales and pleural friction sounds. Cardiac examination: no abnormal pulsation. Palpation without tremor, no pericardial friction. The examination of heart rate, heart rate, heart sound, murmur and pericardial friction was not abnormal. Check if the minimum heart rate is greater than 15 seconds. Heart rate is no noise. Abdominal examination: no abdomen in the abdomen, mass, abdominal varicose veins, etc. No spleen enlarges. Thyroid examination: The appearance of the thyroid gland in normal people is not prominent. Lymph node examination: normal human lymph nodes are not swollen, no pain, local skin without redness, scars and ulcers or fistulas. Breast examination: The breast is contoured symmetrically. The nipples on both sides are at the same level, without invagination, bulging, overflow or erosion, and the skin is not ruptured, pigmented or orange-like. Palpation without a lump. Spinal examination: The four physiological curvatures of the normal spine can be slightly convex forward; the lumbar segment is obviously lordotic; the thoracic segment is slightly convex; the atlas has a large kyphosis. When standing upright, the normal spine has no side bends. Normally, the neck section can flex forward and extend 45 degrees, and the left and right sides bend 45 and rotate 60. The lumbar segment can be flexed 45 under the condition of the buttocks, 35 is extended, 30 is left and right, and 45 is rotated. No tenderness and suffocation. Joint examination of the extremities: edema of the limbs, no varicose veins, no pigmentation or ulceration. Genitourinary examination: penis and testicles are free of deformities, no foreskin is too long, phimosis, no edema of the external urethra, secretions, inflammation, ulcers, scars or new organisms, no ventral lymphadenopathy, sputum and varicocele, sheath Membrane effusion, epididymis nodules, scrotal eczema, femoral hernia, etc. Anal diagnosis: no anal atresia, stenosis, trauma, infection, anal fissure, anal fistula, rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids. No prostate hyperplasia. Clinical significance Abnormal results: Internal medicine examination: Blood pressure measurement: Check blood pressure to determine if there is high blood pressure or low blood pressure. General examination: general observation of the general condition, observation of developmental body type, nutritional status, tone of voice, facial expression, skin and hair, etc., to judge the development of the individual, may have anemia, jaundice. Pulmonary examination: Observe the presence or absence of deformity in the thorax, whether the respiratory movements on both sides are symmetrical, pay attention to respiratory rhythm and frequency. From top to bottom, the symmetrical parts on both sides are compared, pay attention to the strength of the breath sound, whether there is abnormal breath sound, rales and pleural friction sound. Such as abnormal breath sounds, rales and pleural friction sounds. Can help diagnose bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy. Cardiac examination: Observe the position of the apex beat and whether there is abnormal pulsation. Palpation check for tremors, or with or without pericardial friction. Percussion is performed in the order of left and right, from the outside to the inside, and from top to bottom. Heart rate, rhythm, heart sound, murmur and pericardial friction were examined in the order of the mitral auscultation area, pulmonary aortic auscultation area, aortic valve first auscultation area, aortic valve second auscultation area, and tricuspid auscultation area. Check if the minimum heart rate is greater than 60 seconds. Check your heart rate for noise. Comprehensive judgment of whether there are arrhythmia, pericarditis, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, congenital heart disease and other diseases. Abdominal examination: Observe whether there is a bulge, a mass in the abdomen, or a varicose vein in the abdominal wall. Starting from the left lower abdomen, in the order of "S", from shallow to deep, palpate the nine regions of the abdomen, pay attention to the tension of the abdominal wall, with or without tenderness, rebound pain and mass. The spleen is lifted from the back to the front, and the right palm is placed flat on the abdomen, perpendicular to the rib arch, and the left rib arch is approached from bottom to top to observe whether the spleen is enlarged. Comprehensive judgment may have hepatosplenomegaly. Surgical examination: Thyroid examination: degree of thyroid enlargement, symmetry, hardness, surface condition (smooth or nodules), tenderness, and presence or absence of tremor may indicate a series of conditions such as thyroid gland. The degree of swelling can be judged according to the following criteria: I degree thyroid can be reached, within 3cm in diameter. When the second degree thyroid is swallowed, it can be found by visual inspection and palpation, and the diameter is 3-5cm. The third degree thyroid can also be found without swallowing, with a diameter of 5-7 cm. The IV degree thyroid enlargement is very obvious, and the neck appearance has changed, with a diameter of 7-9 cm. V-degree thyroid enlargement is very obvious, the diameter is more than 9cm, and more often with nodules. Lymph node examination: whether the lymph nodes are swollen, swollen, size, number, hardness, pain, mobility, presence or absence of adhesion, local skin with redness, scars, ulcers or fistulas can assist the nasopharynx, Diagnosis of thyroid, esophagus, and lung cancer. Lymphoma may first be diagnosed in the lymph nodes outside the neck or under the arm or in the groin. Lymph nodes in the neck or under the armpits or groin may be lymphomas. Lymph node enlargement around the clavicle may also be a metastasis of the stomach, intestine, and lung. Breast examination: the upper, the lower, the inferior, and the inferior (the axillary extension of the breast) in the four quadrants with or without a lump or nodule, as well as the location, number, size, texture, boundary, tenderness, and movement of the mass. Degree, with or without fluctuations or sacs and the relationship between the mass and the skin. Check the nipple and areola, and gently press the finger around the areola, with or without the nature of the discharge (blood, yellow or bloody liquid or pus) to assist in the diagnosis of breast cancer or inflammation. Spinal examination: kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis in the pathology of spinal spine curvature. When observing and inspecting, the neck section can be bent forward and stretched 45, left and right side bend 45, and rotated 60. The lumbar segment can be flexed 45 under the condition of the buttocks fixed, 35 is extended, and the left and right sides are bent 30, and rotated 45. Sniper check the site for pain. Spinal tenderness and sputum pain may be vertebral lesions, such as disc herniation, or bone hyperplasia. Joint examination of the extremities: The part to be inspected should be fully exposed during the examination. Check the joints of the extremities and various parts and whether there are any abnormalities or shape changes, with or without redness, swelling, heat, pain, nodules, etc. Mainly observe posture, gait and physical activity, determine whether there is dysfunction and edema, with or without varicose veins, with or without pigmentation or ulceration can also aid diagnosis. Urogenital examination: When checking, pay attention to the size and shape of the penis and testicles, whether there are deformities, too long foreskin, phimosis, narrow urethral opening, redness, secretion, inflammation, ulcers, scars or new organisms, with or without Abdominal lymphadenopathy, sputum and varicocele, hydrocele, epididymis nodules, scrotal eczema, femoral hernia or sexually transmitted diseases. There is varicose veins in the scrotum, which is varicocele. Anal examination, observe whether there is anal atresia, stenosis, trauma, infection, anal fissure, anal fistula, rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids. Check the anus, rectal wall with or without lumps, fluctuations, rectal stenosis, chronic anal fistula, perianal abscess or ischial rectal abscess. Check the size, shape, texture, tenderness, smoothness of the prostate and the ability to touch the seminal vesicle. Determine prostate hyperplasia. The degree of prostate enlargement is judged by the standard: I degree hyperplasia: the prostate is 1.5 to 2 times larger than normal, the middle groove becomes shallow, and the height of the rectum is 1-2 cm. II degree hyperplasia: the gland is moderately enlarged, which is 2-3 times larger than normal. The central groove disappears or slightly protrudes, and the rectum height is 2-3 cm. III degree hyperplasia: The gland enlarges severely, and the height of the rectum protrudes more than 3 cm. The central groove is prominently protruded, and the finger cannot touch the upper edge during the examination. Other tests: Abnormal signs, such as skin lesions (rashes, inflammation, subcutaneous nodules, lipomas, ulcers, or scars that have a large area affecting functional scars) are used to aid diagnosis. People who need to be examined: middle-aged and elderly people who have not had a full-body examination for a long time. Precautions Contraindications before the test: Be careful not to ingest too much food, so as not to affect the test results. Requirements for examination: Since the anus examination may cause discomfort, the patient should actively cooperate with the doctor's examination. Inspection process Ask the patient's history, family history and personal history, check blood pressure and the main organs of the human body, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, etc., according to the results of the examination for preliminary diagnosis. The examiner performs examinations such as thyroid, lymph nodes, breast, spine, joints of the extremities, genitourinary organs, anus, etc. for examination, palpation, and the like. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: pregnant women, newborns. Adverse reactions and risks No related complications and hazards.

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