Kidney Cancer Screening

Kidney cancer screening is a test to check if the kidney is cancerous. Renal cell carcinoma, also known as renal cell carcinoma, originates from renal tubular epithelial cells and can occur in any part of the renal parenchyma, but it is extremely common in the above and below, and a few invade the whole kidney; the left and right kidneys have equal chances of attack. Bilateral lesions accounted for 1% to 2%. The examination items include general examination, ultrasound scanning, CT scanning, and X-ray angiography. X-ray angiography is the main method for diagnosing kidney cancer. Basic Information Specialist classification: Oncology examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Maintain regular routines and diet to help the inspection go smoothly. Normal value Both the macro test and the microscopic examination were normal. The normal kidney has a renal function, which refers to the function of the kidney to excrete metabolic wastes in the body, maintain the stability of the body's sodium, potassium, calcium and other electrolytes and acid-base balance. Renal function tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood and urine. 22-microglobulin, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinary secretory immunoglobulin A, and the like. Clinical significance Abnormal results: The location of the kidney is concealed, and the main connection with the outside world is urine. Therefore, hematuria is the most common condition for the discovery of renal cancer, but the appearance of hematuria must be possible after the tumor invades the renal pelvis, so it is not an early condition. For many years, hematuria, pain and lumps have been called the “triple syndrome” of kidney cancer. Most patients have one to two symptoms at the time of treatment, and the triads account for about 10%, and it is rarely possible to cure. People who need to be examined: suspected to be kidney cancer patients. Precautions Inappropriate people: Generally, there is no suitable for the crowd. Taboo before the examination: Maintain regular routines and diet to help the inspection proceed smoothly. Requirements for inspection: This examination does not require special preparation. Generally, the prone position is taken. The patient's waist is straight. The doctor checks each item according to the inspection method. After the examination, the result is recorded. Inspection process l. General examination: hematuria is an important symptom, polycythemia occurs mostly in 3% to 4%; progressive anemia can also occur. In bilateral renal tumors, total renal function usually does not change and erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases. Some patients with kidney cancer do not have bone metastases, but may have symptoms of hypercalcemia and increased serum calcium levels. Symptoms are quickly relieved after renal cancer resection, and blood calcium returns to normal. Sometimes it can progress to liver dysfunction, such as tumor nephrectomy, can return to normal. 2. X-ray angiography is the main means of diagnosing kidney cancer: (1) X-ray film: X-ray film can see the shape of the kidney is enlarged, the contour is changed, occasional tumor calcification, limited or extensive flocculation in the tumor, can also become a calcification line around the tumor, shell It is more common in young people with kidney cancer. (2) intravenous urography, intravenous urography is a routine examination method, because it can not show the tumor that has not caused kidney and kidney sputum undeformed, and it is difficult to distinguish whether the tumor is kidney cancer. Renal angiomyolipoma, a renal cyst, is therefore of decreasing importance and must be further identified by ultrasound or CT. However, intravenous urography can understand the function of bilateral kidneys and the ureter and ureter and urinary tract of the renal pelvis, which has important reference value for diagnosis. (3) renal angiography: renal angiography can be found in urinary tract angiography undeformed tumors, renal cancer showed neovascularization, arteriovenous fistula, contrast pooling (Pooling) envelope vascularization. Angiographic variation is large, and sometimes kidney cancer may not be developed, such as tumor necrosis, cystic changes, arterial embolism, and the like. Renal artery angiography may inject normal adrenaline vasoconstriction into the renal artery and the tumor blood vessels are unresponsive. In the relatively large kidney cancer. Renal artery embolization can also be performed during selective renal angiography, which can reduce renal hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic renal cell carcinoma and can be treated with renal artery embolization as a palliative treatment. 3. Ultrasound scan: Ultrasound is the easiest and most non-invasive method of examination and can be used as part of a routine physical examination. More than 1cm of mass in the kidney can be found by ultrasound scan. It is important to identify whether the tumor is kidney cancer. Kidney cancer is a solid mass. Because of the possible internal hemorrhage, necrosis and cystic changes, the echo is not uniform, generally low echo, and the state of kidney cancer is not clear. This is different from renal cyst. Intrarenal space-occupying lesions may cause renal pelvis, renal pelvis, renal sinus fat deformation or fracture. Ultrasound examination of renal papillary cystadenocarcinoma resembles a cyst and may have calcification. When kidney cancer and cysts are difficult to identify, they can be punctured. It is safe to puncture under ultrasound guidance. Puncture fluid can be used for cytology and cystoscopy. The cyst fluid is often clear, no tumor cells, low fat, and the smooth wall of the cyst can be definitely a benign lesion. If the puncture fluid is bloody, the tumor should be thought of, and the tumor cells may be found in the extract solution. The tumor wall may be diagnosed as a malignant tumor when the stenosis is not smooth. Renal angiomyolipoma is a solid intratumoral tumor, and its ultrasound manifests as a strong echo of adipose tissue, which is easily differentiated from renal cancer. When ultrasound examination reveals kidney cancer, it should also pay attention to whether the tumor penetrates the capsule, perirenal adipose tissue, with or without enlarged lymph nodes, whether there is a tumor thrombus in the renal vein or inferior vena cava, and whether the liver has metastasis or the like. 4. CT scan: CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. It can be found in renal cell carcinoma without renal pelvis and renal pelvis change. It can accurately measure tumor density and can be performed in outpatient clinics. CT can be accurately staged. Some people have statistically diagnosed the diagnosis: invading the renal vein 91%, spreading around the kidney 78%, lymph node metastasis 87%, and nearby organ involvement 96%. CT examination of renal cancer is characterized by a mass in the renal parenchyma, which can also be prominent in the renal parenchyma. The mass is round, round or lobulated. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: Generally, there is no suitable for the crowd. Adverse reactions and risks No related complications or hazards.

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