serum copper

Copper is one of the essential trace elements in the human body and is an important component of many enzymes. Copper plays an important role in the central nervous system. Blood and malignant tumor diseases leukemia, malignant lymphoma, osteosarcoma, sickle cell anemia, ovarian cancer and the like. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: It is suggested that the content of copper in the body of the examinee is insufficient and there is a symptom of copper deficiency. Normal value: Adult (male): 10.99-21.98μmol/L Adult (female): 12.56-24.34μmol/L Above normal: It is suggested that the examinee has a high copper content, and other tests should be performed according to the symptoms to rule out whether there are other diseases. negative: Positive: Tips: After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should fast, so as not to affect the next day's test. Normal value Spectrophotometry, colorimetry Birth ~ 6 months: 3.14 ~ 10.99 μmol / L (20 ~ 70 μg / dl). 6 years old: 14.13 to 29.83 μmol/L (90 to 190 μg/dl). adult Male: 10.99 to 21.98 μmol/L (70 to 140 μg/dl). Female: 12.56 to 24.34 μmol/L (80 to 155 μg/dl). Pregnancy term: 18.53 to 47.41 μmol/L (118 to 302 μg/dl). Clinical significance 1, increase 1 endocrine disease, growth hormone deficiency, Edison's disease, use of estrogen and so on. 2 mental, neurological diseases, the use of anticonvulsants, partial eclipse (Pica). 3 bone muscle disease, bone formation insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis and the like. 4 digestive system diseases, liver disease, biliary atresia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, capillary cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis. 5 blood and malignant tumor diseases, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, osteosarcoma, sickle cell anemia, ovarian cancer. 6 infectious diseases. 7 other such as pregnancy, oral contraceptives, pellagra, acute myocardial infarction, primary pulmonary hypertension, age-related macular degeneration. 2, reduce 1 insufficient intake Such as loss of copper in food processing of animal protein deficiency (powder), phenylketonuria in phenylalanine milk treatment, complete intravenous high nutrition (excluding copper), anorexia nervosa, etc. 2 absorption barrier A. Congenital copper absorption disorders such as the syndrome (Kinkghairsyndrome). B. steatorrhea, chronic diarrhea, protein leakage gastrointestinal disorder, steatorrhea in children. 3 excessive loss Excessive excretion from the urine such as nephrotic syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and the use of steroids. 4 Congenital liver copper metabolism abnormalities such as wilson syndrome (hepatolenticular degeneration syndrome). 5 other such as taking zinc. Low results may be diseases: congenital nystagmus, pediatric copper deficiency syndrome, leukemia, hepatolenticular degeneration results may be high disease: aplastic anemia considerations First, the precautions before blood draw 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the physical examination, fasting should be done to avoid affecting the detection of indicators such as blood glucose in the second sky. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. Second, should pay attention after blood draw 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient: each person's clotting time is different, and some people need a little longer to coagulate. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting: such as dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process Immediately after venous blood collection, the test is sent. Detection method: under the condition of pH 4.7, the copper bound to ceruloplasmin is freed by the action of reducing agent, and combined with the developer 3.5-Di-Br-PAESA to form a stable colored chelate. The depth of the color is proportional to the amount of copper in the sample. Reagents are spectrophotometric and colorimetric. The method is linear to 79 μmol/L. Exceeding this concentration, double-distilled water is used for dilution and then measured. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.

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